风湿病的原始和初级预防:时间到了
Laura Scagnellato1, Mariangela Salvato1, Luca Iorio1
1Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Autoimmunity reviews
|July 27, 2025
概括
在全球范围内,风湿病 (RDs) 正在增加,对女性产生重大影响. 通过改变生活方式和早期干预风险群体进行初级预防至关重要,尽管需要更多的研究.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 类风湿病学 类风湿病学
- 预防医学 预防医学
背景情况:
- 风湿病 (RDs) 构成了全球严重的健康负担,不成比例地影响到劳动年龄妇女,导致慢性残疾和医疗保健使用增加.
- 尽管取得了进展,但RD发病率正在上升,目前没有治愈方法,这凸显了对新型管理策略的需求.
- 早期干预和临床前疾病阶段向提供了延迟或预防RD发病的潜力.
研究的目的:
- 审查有关可修改的风险因素和风湿病预防策略的现有证据.
- 确定主要预防干预措施的关键目标.
- 强调需要在危险人群中进行进一步的干预试验.
主要方法:
- 对临床前研发阶段和可修改的风险因素的新兴证据的审查.
- 对生活方式干预措施的当前建议的分析.
- 在初级预防和疾病拦截方面发现研究缺口.
主要成果:
- 包括吸烟,肥胖,饮食,感染,机械应变和环境暴露在内的可修改的风险因素是关键干预目标.
- 目前的证据支持促进健康的生活方式:均衡的饮食,体力活动,接种疫苗,维生素D和尽量减少压力.
- 对于大多数RDs来说,疾病拦截的研究是新生的,在类风湿性关节炎和牛皮性关节炎方面取得了一些进展.
结论:
- 专注于可修改的风险因素和健康的生活方式的初级预防策略对于管理日益增长的RDs负担至关重要.
- 在风险人群 (例如,家庭成员,自身抗体携带者) 中进行进一步的干预试验是有必要的,以促进疾病拦截.
- 需要增加投资和战略开发,以实施有效的类风湿病初级预防计划.
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