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评估奶酪消费对2型糖尿病及其并发症的保护作用:孟德尔随机化研究
Shuwei Weng1,2,3, Xin Guo1,2, Chen Ding3
1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
International journal of endocrinology
|July 28, 2025
概括
吃奶酪可以降低患2型糖尿病 (T2DM) 和眼睛并发症的风险. 这项门德尔随机化研究表明,奶酪在T2DM管理中具有保护性的饮食作用.
科学领域:
- 营养流行病学 营养流行病学
- 遗传流行病学遗传流行病学
- 代谢疾病 代谢疾病
背景情况:
- 2型糖尿病 (T2DM) 是一个严重的全球性健康问题,并具有严重的并发症.
- 已知饮食因素会影响T2DM风险,但奶酪消费的作用尚未确立.
- 眼睛和外周血管问题是T2DM令人衰弱的并发症之一.
研究的目的:
- 调查奶酪消费与T2DM风险之间的潜在因果关系.
- 检查奶酪摄入量与特定T2DM相关并发症 (包括眼科和外周血管问题) 之间的关联.
- 为T2DM管理中的饮食建议提供证据.
主要方法:
- 采用两样本的门德尔随机化 (MR) 方法,使用来自大型全基因组关联研究的摘要级数据.
- 与奶酪消费强烈相关的遗传变异作为工具变量.
- 使用诸如逆方差加权 (IVW) 和MR-Egger等方法的灵敏度分析评估了研究结果的可靠性,检查异质性和性.
主要成果:
- 增加奶酪消费与降低T2DM风险显著相关 (OR = 0.639,p = 0.002).
- 在奶酪摄入量和T2DM相关的眼部并发症之间也观察到显著的保护性关联 (OR = 0.386,p = 0.015).
- 对于神经病变,腎病变或外周血管并发症,没有发现显著的关联.
结论:
- 消费奶酪似乎对T2DM的发展有保护作用.
- 这些发现表明,奶酪摄入对缓解T2DM相关的眼科并发症有潜在的益处.
- 这项研究支持将奶酪作为T2DM预防和管理的饮食策略的一部分.
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