对细菌菌体的基因组洞察:在AMR检测和菌体治疗方面开辟了一个新的前沿
Basudha Banerjee1, Sayanti Halder1, Shubham Kumar1
1Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of Hope-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India.
Briefings in functional genomics
|July 28, 2025
概括
抗菌素耐药性 (AMR) 是一个日益增长的威胁. 菌体疗法为抗生素提供了一个有前途的替代方案,利用基因组和转录组的洞察力来对抗超级细菌并增强细菌控制.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 治疗方法 治疗方法
背景情况:
- 滥用抗生素和过度处方加快了抗菌素耐药性 (AMR),造成了重大的临床挑战和潜在的流行病.
- 传统治疗对抗多药耐药 (MDR) 病原体的效果越来越差.
- 菌体 (菌体) 在对抗细菌感染方面有着悠久的历史,为治疗应用提供了新的希望.
研究的目的:
- 通过检查它们的基因组和转录组景观与它们的细菌宿主相关,探索菌体对抗超级细菌的潜力.
- 突出菌体基因组学和全转录基因组学在识别新菌体,AMR基因和理解菌体与宿主相互作用方面的作用.
- 在COVID-19,登革热和ESKAPE病原体等环境中调查全转录组分析在识别疾病特异性菌体和AMR细菌方面的应用.
主要方法:
- 对菌体及其细菌宿主进行基因组和转录组分析.
- 整体转录组分析,同时捕获菌体,细菌体和宿主体的转录.
- 研究菌体与宿主相互作用和防御机制.
主要成果:
- 菌体基因组学的进步加速了新菌体和AMR基因的发现.
- 整体转录组研究揭示了疾病和特定环境的转录活性菌体.
- 同时的转录捕获增强了对菌体动态和菌体与宿主相互作用的理解.
结论:
- 菌体治疗为抗生素提供了一个可行的替代方案,用于治疗MDR病原体.
- 通过基因组和转录组数据了解菌体与宿主之间的相互作用对于推进菌体治疗至关重要.
- 菌体疗法具有显著的潜力,可以在临床环境中增强细菌控制,并对抗AMR危机.
相关概念视频
01:30Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages
72.1K
Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
72.1K
01:26DNA Bacteriophages
152
Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
152
00:57Antibiotic Selection
55.3K
Overview
55.3K
01:29Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics
345
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
345
01:28Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing
93
Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
93
00:43Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages
63.3K
In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
63.3K