创建一个跨种族效应清单,以后判断目击者的准确性
Dilhan Töredi1, Jamal K Mansour1, Sian E Jones1
1Division of Psychology, Sociology and Education, Queen Margaret University.
Law and human behavior
|July 28, 2025
概括
跨种族效应 (CRE) 可靠地影响白人个体的目击者准确性. 新的尺度比信心更好地预测准确度,有助于目击者可靠性评估.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 法医心理学 法医心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
背景情况:
- 跨种族效应 (CRE) 是一个已有充分证据的现象,在这种现象中,与其他种族相比,个人更好地识别同种族的面孔.
- 了解影响CRE的因素对于在法律环境中提高目击者识别准确度至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种自我报告库存,即跨种族效应库存 (CRE-I),以整合已知的CRE预测因素.
- 通过整合这些预测因素来提高跨种族目击者的准确性.
主要方法:
- 参与者 (白人和亚裔) 完成了涉及白人和亚裔目标的模拟犯罪审判.
- 使用顺序排列程序来评估识别的准确性和可靠性.
- 在所有试验结束后,对CRE-I的潜在项目进行了管理.
主要成果:
- 白人参与者复制了CRE,但在亚洲参与者中没有观察到.
- 探索性因子分析为白人目击者提供了可靠的CRE-I尺度,包括一般人脸识别能力,种族特定人脸识别能力,种族态度,接触数量/质量,动机个体化和认知忽视.
- 种族特定的面部识别能力,对白人种族的态度,以及对白人有动机的个体化预测了超出信心水平的识别准确性.
结论:
- 结果支持CRE的整合模型,结合感知专业知识和社会认知假设.
- 通过确定与认可相关的关键因素,CRE-I提供了理论贡献.
- CRE-I为评估目击者的可靠性提供了实际的好处.
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