对感官和心脏系统的有效和持续的光遗传控制
Alexey Alekseev1,2,3,4,5, Victoria Hunniford1,3,4,5, Maria Zerche1,2,3,4,6
1Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Nature biomedical engineering
|July 28, 2025
概括
ChReef是一种新的通道罗多普辛,可以在最小的脱敏化下精确控制细胞的光遗传学. 这种改进的变体恢复了盲鼠的视力,并有助于光遗传听力恢复研究.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 生物技术是生物技术.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 在生物和临床研究中,光遗传控制对于操纵细胞活动至关重要.
- 现有的通道罗多普辛面临着诸如光电流脱敏等局限性,并且需要高光强度.
研究的目的:
- 为了报告ChReef,一个改进的道rhodopsin ChRmine的变体.
- 为了证明ChReef在细胞控制,视力恢复和听觉通路刺激方面的有效性.
主要方法:
- ChReef开发和表征,专注于光电流脱敏,单元导电和闭合动力学.
- 在心肌细胞集群中应用ChReef用于红光节奏和脱极化阻断.
- 在体内研究使用腺相关病毒 (AAV) 基因转移来表达盲鼠视网膜质细胞中的ChReef.
- 在动物和非人类灵长类动物的听觉通路中测试ChReef,以恢复光遗传性听力.
主要成果:
- ChReef表现出最小的光电流脱敏,80 fS单元导电,以及30 ms的闭合动力学.
- 在表达ChReef的心肌细胞群中实现了可靠的红光节奏和脱极化阻断.
- 使用低光源 (如iPad屏幕) 的ChReef,恢复盲鼠视觉功能.
- 在动物和非人类灵长类动物中有效的,频率特定的听觉通路刺激,具有nanojoule值.
结论:
- 在低光水平下,ChReef提供了增强的光遗传控制,改善了时间真实性和持续刺激.
- 奇瑞夫显示出恢复视觉功能和推进光遗传听力恢复的巨大潜力.
- 奇瑞夫的特性使其成为各种光遗传应用的宝贵工具.
相关概念视频
01:30Pulse rhythm
Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac muscle...
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac muscle...
01:23Physiological Control of Respiration
Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
01:29Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance
Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
01:31Regulation of Heart Rates
The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
The SNS increases heart rate through the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, which act on beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. This action increases the rate of depolarization in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's...
The SNS increases heart rate through the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, which act on beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. This action increases the rate of depolarization in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's...
01:10Control Systems
Control systems are everywhere in contemporary society, influencing diverse applications from aerospace to automated manufacturing. These systems can be found naturally within biological processes, such as blood sugar regulation and heart rate adjustment in response to stress, as well as in man-made systems like elevators and automated vehicles. A control system is essentially a network of subsystems and processes that collaboratively convert specific inputs into desired outputs.
At the heart...
At the heart...
01:27Regulation of the Cardiovascular System
The regulation of the cardiovascular system allows the body to adapt to various demands and maintain homeostasis.
The regulation of the cardiovascular system involves the autonomic nervous system (ANS), baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors, ensuring that heart rate and blood pressure are appropriately modulated in response to varying physiological demands.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system enhances...
The regulation of the cardiovascular system involves the autonomic nervous system (ANS), baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors, ensuring that heart rate and blood pressure are appropriately modulated in response to varying physiological demands.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system enhances...