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疟疾疫苗RTS,S/AS01E在常规免疫接种中的地方引入:来自三个试点国家的经验和教训
Rose Jalang'o1, Kwame Amponsa-Achiano2, Mike Chisema3
1National Vaccines and Immunization Programme, Nairobi, Kenya.
Malaria journal
|July 28, 2025
概括
加纳,肯尼亚和马拉维的疟疾疫苗试点显示,疫苗覆盖率提高,住院病例减少. 关键的教训包括利益相关者的角色,沟通策略,灵活的安排和数据管理,以成功引入疫苗.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 热带医学 热带医学
背景情况:
- 世界卫生组织在2021年10月推RTS,S/AS01E疟疾疫苗用于流行地区的儿童.
- 最近R21/Matrix-M疫苗的预资格已经导致在流行国家更广泛的采用.
- 这篇论文提取了试点计划的运营经验教训,以指导未来的疟疾疫苗推出.
研究的目的:
- 总结从加纳,肯尼亚和马拉维的疟疾疫苗试点引入中学到的关键操作经验教训.
- 为成功推出和扩大疟疾疫苗接种计划在其他流行国家的指导提供指导.
主要方法:
- 根据疟疾流行病学选择试点地区.
- 在选定的地区引入了RTS,S疫苗,其中一些作为对比剂.
- 在加纳,肯尼亚和马拉维之间,疫苗接种时间表略有差异.
主要成果:
- 到2023年,疫苗接种覆盖率在第一剂量中达到约80%,在第三剂量中达到75%
- 挑战包括医疗保健工作者对年龄资格的理解,以及低的第四剂量覆盖率 (中位数为46%).
- 积极影响包括减少疟疾住院和加强国家免疫计划.
结论:
- 清楚的利益相关者角色 (国家免疫计划和国家疟疾计划) 是至关重要的.
- 有效的沟通,需求的产生,以及灵活的剂量安排,提高了疫苗的接种率.
- 准确的数据收集和质量对于计划监测和改进至关重要.
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