陆地土地覆盖塑造了一个主要的亚热带河流流域的鱼类多样性
Heng Zhang1,2, Rosetta C Blackman1,2, Reinhard Furrer3,4
1Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Communications biology
|July 29, 2025
概括
人类土地使用的变化显著影响淡水鱼类的生物多样性. 了解这些土地使用和土地覆盖 (LULC) 影响对于有效的河流保护和管理战略至关重要.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 淡水生物多样性受到人类土地使用和土地覆盖 (LULC) 变化的威胁.
- 人们对LULC的空间范围和对水生生物多样性的影响仍然不太了解,这阻碍了有效的管理.
- 亚热带河流系统,如泰国,尽管生物多样性高,但面临着强烈的人为改变.
研究的目的:
- 调查陆地LULC与鱼类物种丰富度和社区组成在一个大型亚热带河流流域之间的联系.
- 确定LULC对淡水鱼类多样性的影响的空间规模.
- 根据预测的LULC场景,预测鱼类生物多样性的未来变化.
主要方法:
- 环境DNA (eDNA) 采样用于评估16万平方公里的河流流域的鱼类多样性.
- 鱼类物种丰富度和社区组成在统计学上与当代陆地LULC模式有关.
- 估计了LULC效应的空间范围,扩展到采样地点上游大约20公里.
主要成果:
- 陆地LULC解释了近60%的观察到的鱼类物种丰富度的差异.
- 影响鱼类多样性的关键LULC类别包括耕地,森林和城市地区.
- 准确预测鱼类物种丰富性需要整合LULC效应的空间范围和大小.
结论:
- 土地利用和土地覆盖的变化对淡水鱼类的生物多样性产生了重大,空间广泛的影响.
- 预计的LULC变化表明河流网络中鱼类物种丰富度的潜在未来收益和损失.
- 这项研究为缺乏数据的热带和亚热带地区的河流生物多样性保护和土地管理提供了可扩展的框架.
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