空气质量对患者死亡率的影响:一项国家研究
Divya Periyakoil1,2,3, Isabella Chu4, Ndola Prata5
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
空气污染显著增加死亡风险,特别是在黑人/非洲裔美国人和80岁以上的人群中. 改善空气质量对于公共卫生结果至关重要.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 空气污染是众所周知的各种疾病的风险因素,但其对整体死亡率的影响需要进一步阐明.
- 现有的研究表明,空气污染导致心肺疾病,癌症,糖尿病和认知障碍.
研究的目的:
- 在美国家庭队列 (AFC) 数据集中确定空气质量与5年死亡率之间的关联.
- 调查空气污染对患者生存率的影响.
主要方法:
- 利用了美国家庭队列 (AFC) 电子健康记录数据 (2016-2022年660万患者).
- 综合环境保护局的空气质量指数 (AQI) 数据.
- 采用考克斯回归模型来分析AQI与5年死亡率之间的关系,将AQI视为固定时间的协变量.
主要成果:
- 与AQI ≤50的患者相比,暴露于AQI>50的患者面临4.02倍的死亡风险.
- 80岁以上的个体死亡风险高6.73倍.
- 与其他种族群体相比,黑人/非洲裔美国患者死亡风险高4.27倍. 区域因素也影响了生存率.
结论:
- 糟糕的空气质量与死亡风险的增加有很大关系.
- 这种关联在黑人/非洲裔美国人群和80岁以上的个人中尤为明显.
- 空气污染是健康的关键社会决定因素,需要公共卫生干预措施来改善空气质量和健康结果.
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