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Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

3.9K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
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Cause and Effect01:53

Cause and Effect

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While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
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Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

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When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
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The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

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A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
6.4K
Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

13.2K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
13.2K
Conformity01:20

Conformity

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Conformity is the change in a person’s behavior to go along with the group, even if that person does not agree with the group.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
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Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

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信息效应可以是伪装的可预测效应吗?

Vsevolod Kapatsinski1

  • 1Department of Linguistics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1290, USA.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 29, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

信息性,或信息内容,预测语言减少超出了局部可预测性. 本研究引入了一种模拟方法,以区分真实的信息效应与语料库语言学中可预测性估计的工件.

关键词:
语料库语言学 语料库语言学有关信息的信息性.语音学 语音学 语音学可以预测的可预测性.减少 减少 减少 减少声音的变化 声音的变化基于使用的语言学.

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
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Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

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科学领域:

  • 语料库的语言学.
  • 语音学 语音学 语音学
  • 心理语言学 心理语言学

背景情况:

  • 语料库语言学表明信息性预测了超出局部可预测性的表达性减少.
  • 信息性是平均可预测性的反面,反映了信息内容.
  • 现有的研究将信息性效应与说话者对信息或记忆表现的敏感性联系起来.

研究的目的:

  • 提出一个模拟方法来估计人工信息效应.
  • 为了区分真正的信息效应和由改进的可预测性估计产生的信息效应.
  • 调查噪声在数据库内可预测性估计中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 基于模拟的方法来模拟信息效应.
  • 估计可预测性估计所产生的信息性效应的比例.
  • 使用体概率作为减少行为概率的估计.

主要成果:

  • 拟议的模拟可以量化信息效应的人工成分.
  • 它允许评估观察到的信息效应是否可能是真实的还是人工制造的.
  • 该方法有助于确定可预测性估计中的噪声对观察到的效应的影响程度.

结论:

  • 介绍了一种新型的模拟方法,以从语料库语言学中的估计文物中解脱真正的信息效应.
  • 这种方法为强有力的调查信息性在关节性减少中的作用提供了一个框架.
  • 这些发现有助于更准确地了解信息内容如何影响语音产生.