犯罪的认知漏洞:在风险和回报的观念中绘制道德脱离的共同发展
Romain Decrop1,2, Bri McManamon2, Kaylie Williams2
1University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
概括
对犯罪惩罚和奖励的看法,以及道德脱离,在参与司法的年轻人中发展得独特. 这些认知过程可能形成有害的循环,影响成年人的风险感知.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 犯罪学 犯罪学
- 法医心理学 法医心理学
背景情况:
- 青少年犯罪与惩罚和奖励的感知以及道德脱离有关.
- 这些认知因素作为风险感知机制的联合发育轨迹尚未得到充分理解.
研究的目的:
- 调查对惩罚 (PP),奖励 (PR) 和道德脱离 (MD) 的看法在参与司法的年轻人的独立和关系发展.
- 为了检查这些认知过程如何相互作用和影响彼此的时间从青春期到年轻成人.
主要方法:
- 对1170名参与司法工作的男性的纵向数据进行了分析,这些男性参与了Pathways to Desistance研究.
- 在7年内使用了11个波段的三变自回归潜伏轨迹模型.
- 在青春期和年轻成人时期检查了PP,PR和MD之间的双向关系.
主要成果:
- 在整个青春期,对惩罚的看法 (PP) 增加,而道德脱离 (MD) 和对奖励的看法 (PR) 减少.
- 这三种过程都显示了年轻人接近成年时的变化减缓.
- 双向关系表明潜在的有害发育周期,阻碍了风险感知方面的认知成长.
结论:
- 扭曲的犯罪风险/奖励观念,加剧了MD,可能会产生影响成人的风险观念的发展周期.
- 18-22岁左右的时期代表了这些认知过程的关键过渡.
- 针对PP,PR和MD作为相互关联的因素的干预措施可以破坏犯罪循环并减少长期的犯罪行为.
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