练习基本规则指令有助于成年人报告经历过的事件
Becky Earhart1,2, Sonja P Brubacher1, Mohammed M Ali1,3
1Centre for Investigative Interviewing, Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
概括
面试中的基本规则有助于成年参与者,特别是实践时. 这种技术减少了对问题问题的同意,对年轻人和年长的成年人来说都是有效的,他们回忆起事件.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 采访技术 采访技巧
背景情况:
- 成年人经常在采访中讲述他们亲身经历的事件.
- 在不同年龄组中,基本规则在缓解沉默偏见等问题的有效性尚未完全被理解.
- 现实世界的面试环境往往涉及事件的延迟回忆.
研究的目的:
- 调查特定的基本规则 ("不知道"",不理解"",纠正我") 对成年受访者的影响.
- 为了比较以陈述形式呈现的基本规则的影响与伴随着实践问题的基本规则的影响.
- 为了检查与年龄相关的差异 (年轻人与老年人) 在事件回忆采访期间对基本规则的反应.
主要方法:
- 117名成年参与者 (18-40岁和60岁以上) 接受了关于有意义的事件的采访.
- 使用了三个实验条件:控制 (没有基本规则),基本规则作为陈述和基本规则与实践问题.
- 参与者被要求在面试期间在遇到有问题的问题时援引基本规则.
主要成果:
- 与所有测试规则的控制组相比,实践基本规则显著减少了对问题问题的默许.
- 在不同类型的基本规则中,年轻人和老年人表现出不同的表现模式.
- 该研究表明,在面试环境中,基本规则的实用性反映了延迟事件回忆的现实场景.
结论:
- 实践基本规则是一种有效的策略,通过减少默许来提高成人采访数据的质量.
- 基本规则可以量身定制,在事件回忆过程中为不同年龄组带来差异化的好处.
- 这项研究支持在成人采访中更广泛地应用基本规则,特别是在涉及延迟个人事件描述的背景下.
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