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相关概念视频

Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...

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纳米塑料,肝损伤和氧化机制:将动物模型转化为人类风险评估

Ruben Ruiz-Ramos1, Mario A Luna-Palacios1, Armando Pimentel-Toledano1

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, University of Veracruz, Veracruz, MEX.

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概括

微型和纳米塑料 (MNP) 通过氧化应激和炎症导致肝损伤. 本综述综合了动物研究,确定了关键的肝毒性机制,并为这些新出现的污染物的人类健康风险评估提供了信息.

关键词:
肝毒性 肝毒性 肝毒性肝脏损伤 肝脏损伤是什么?微塑料微塑料的使用纳米塑料是一种纳米塑料.氧化应激是一种氧化应激.

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科学领域:

  • 环境健康 环境健康
  • 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
  • 肝病学 肝病学是一种肝病学.

背景情况:

  • 微型和纳米塑料 (MNP) 是普遍存在的环境污染物.
  • 肝脏在排毒中的作用使其易受MNP诱导的损伤.

研究的目的:

  • 审查关于MNP肝毒性的临床前动物研究.
  • 为了确定由MNP引起的肝损伤的关键机制.
  • 评估对人类健康风险的影响.

主要方法:

  • 在主要科学数据库 (PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,OpenAlex) 的系统文献搜索.
  • 包括使用暴露于MNP的动物模型的34项研究.
  • 数据提取的重点是聚合物类型,颗粒大小,暴露途径,持续时间和毒理学终点.
  • 按照PRISMA-ScR的指导方针进行.

主要成果:

  • 观察到一致的肝毒性作用:氧化应激,炎症,脂质失调和亡.
  • 聚钢,聚乙烯和聚乳酸是研究的常见聚合物.
  • 还报告了线粒体功能障碍和基因毒性.
  • 机械趋同表明,MNP类型的伤害途径是共享的.

结论:

  • 由于MNP通过氧化,炎症和代谢途径诱导肝损伤,因此被归类为新兴肝毒剂.
  • 这些发现突显了迫切的研究需求,并为环境健康风险框架提供了信息.
  • 动物模型与人类健康之间的翻译差距需要进一步调查.