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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
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Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

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在甲状腺炎的背景下探索甲状腺切除术后的低血症 - - 一项比较研究.

Shaheen Ayesha N1, Babu Manohar M2, Fathima Jabeen1

  • 1DNB ENT Resident, Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, 600006 India.

Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India
|July 29, 2025
PubMed
概括

甲状腺手术已经进步,但副甲状腺的挑战仍然存在. 这项研究发现,在甲状腺炎患者和没有甲状腺炎患者之间,在全甲状腺切除术后的低血症没有显著差异,尽管甲状腺炎组的发病率略高.

关键词:
过低血症的情况.副甲状腺腺体的其他腺体.经常出现的喉神经.追溯研究是一项回顾性研究.手术技术手术技术的使用.甲状腺切除术 (thyroidectomy) 是一种切除甲状腺的方法.甲状腺炎是一种甲状腺炎.

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科学领域:

  • 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
  • 手术瘤学手术瘤学
  • 病理学 病理学 病理学

背景情况:

  • 甲状腺切除术已经发生了显著的进化,由于改善的手术技术和神经监测,死亡率有所降低.
  • 在全甲状腺切除术期间保护甲状腺腺仍然是一个挑战,影响术后的水平.
  • 甲状腺炎,甲状腺炎症,可能会影响甲状腺切除术后低血症的风险.

研究的目的:

  • 为了调查在全体甲状腺切除术后被诊断为病原性甲状腺炎和低血症的发生之间的关联.
  • 为了比较患有甲状腺炎和没有甲状腺炎的患者中术后低血症的发生率.

主要方法:

  • 这是一项回顾性研究,分析了223名接受全甲状腺切除术的患者.
  • 患者被分为两组,102名没有甲状腺炎,121名患有甲状腺炎.
  • 奇平方测试用于比较两组间手术后低血症的发病率.

主要成果:

  • 在没有甲状腺炎的患者中有49.0% (50/102) 和甲状腺炎的患者中有55.4% (67/121) 发生过低血症.
  • 两组之间低血症发病率的差异在统计学上并不显著 (p=0.417).
  • 甲状腺炎患者表现出较高低血症发病率的趋势,但这在统计学上并不显著.

结论:

  • 甲状腺炎似乎不是经过全甲状腺切除术后术后低血症的统计学上显著的危险因素.
  • 虽然在统计学上不显著,但在患有甲状腺炎的患者中观察到较高的低血症发病率.
  • 术前识别甲状腺炎和谨慎的外科手术技术对于最大限度地降低甲状腺功能障碍症等风险并确保最佳结果至关重要.