坦桑尼亚30年来发育迟缓的趋势:趋势和持续的挑战
Ester Elisaria1, Bet Caeyers2,3, Esther Nkuba4
1Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
PloS one
|July 29, 2025
概括
坦桑尼亚的儿童发育迟缓已经减少,但仍然是一个挑战. 关键的风险因素包括低社会经济地位,男性性别和卫生条件差,而母亲的教育和适当的分娩间隔可以降低风险.
科学领域:
- 儿童健康 儿童健康
- 营养流行病学 营养流行病学
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
背景情况:
- 坦桑尼亚在减少儿童营养不良方面取得了重大进展,发育迟缓率从1992年的50%下降到2022年的30%.
- 在坦桑尼亚各地,发育迟缓患病率的区域差异仍然存在.
- 了解这些区域趋势和相关的风险因素对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析坦桑尼亚五岁以下儿童衰老率的区域趋势.
- 确定与坦桑尼亚儿童衰老风险相关的特征.
主要方法:
- 在坦桑尼亚人口和健康调查 (TDHS) 数据上利用了描述性统计和多变量后勤回归,从1991年到2022年.
- 分析了来自多个调查波的5岁以下的42,408名儿童的数据.
- 在STATA 15中使用TDHS生成的权重进行权衡分析.
主要成果:
- 男孩 (4-7个百分点) 的衰退率始终高于女孩.
- 低社会经济地位 (SES) 的家庭 (38.6%) 的患病率明显高于高社会经济地位 (SES) 的家庭 (12.6%).
- 发育迟缓的危险因素包括南部高地居住,男性性别,低出生体重,母亲的酒精暴露和卫生条件不完善;保护因素包括分娩间隔较长,母亲的教育程度高,SES高.
结论:
- 尽管总体减少了,但儿童发育迟缓仍然是坦桑尼亚的一个重大公共卫生问题.
- 多部门战略对于解决发育迟缓至关重要,重点关注社会经济,孕产妇和环境因素.
- 经济增强母亲的权力,以及健康和营养教育,对于有效的发育迟缓预防至关重要.
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