在福利申请者和非申请者中,对人工智能使用的异质偏好和不对称的见解
Mengchen Dong1, Jean-François Bonnefon2, Iyad Rahwan3
1Center for Humans and Machines, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany. dong@mpib-berlin.mpg.de.
Nature communications
|July 29, 2025
概括
人工智能在福利系统中的公众接受是复杂的. 索赔者对人工智能准确性权衡持谨慎态度,非索赔者经常误解他们的观点,突出了包容性政策制定的必要性.
科学领域:
- 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
- 人工智能伦理学 人工智能伦理学
- 公共政策 公共政策
背景情况:
- 福利福利分配中的人工智能 (AI) 提供了更快的决策,但有可能导致不公平的结果,如错误的否认和欺诈指控.
- 公众对人工智能在社会服务中的作用的看法对于公平的政策制定至关重要.
- 了解福利申请人和非申请人的不同观点对于设计有效的人工智能系统至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查人工智能驱动的福利分配中速度准确性权衡的公众接受度.
- 为了比较福利申请者和非申请者对社会福利系统中的AI的观点.
- 确定公众论与受人工智能政策影响的弱势群体需求之间的潜在错位.
主要方法:
- 调查研究涉及美国和英国的3249名参与者.
- 对人工智能决策中的速度-准确性权衡对福利福利的公众态度的分析.
- 检查非索赔者之间的视角准确性,鼓励他们了解索赔者的观点.
主要成果:
- 一般公众容忍微小的精度降低,以便在福利分配中更快地做出AI决策.
- 与非索赔者相比,福利索赔者在这些系统中对AI的接受程度较低.
- 非索赔者经常高估索赔者愿意接受速度准确性权衡的意愿,即使有经济激励.
结论:
- 人工智能在福利系统中的实施需要仔细考虑申请人的观点,因为汇总数据可能不反映他们独特的关注点.
- 影响弱势群体的政策决策应积极纳入少数群体的声音,因为一般公众的意见可能不准确地代表他们的需求.
- 解决索赔人和非索赔人之间的不对称理解对于建立信任和确保人工智能辅助福利分配公平至关重要.
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