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相关概念视频

Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution01:10

Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution

3.7K
For any given polymer, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is higher than, if not equal to, the number average molecular weight (Mn). The only situation in which the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight are equal is when a polymer consists only of chains with equal molecular weight. However, this never happens in a synthetic polymer, since it is difficult to control the polymerization process up to a molecular level with accuracy to a hundred percent.
3.7K
Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight01:01

Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight

3.1K
Unlike small molecules with definite molecular weights, polymers are a mixture of individual polymer chains of varying lengths, each with a unique molecular weight.  So, the molecular weight of a polymer is expressed as an average value based on the average size of the polymer chains. The two most common forms of averages used for polymers are the number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight.
The number average molecular weight (Mn) is the summation of the number...
3.1K
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

2.3K
Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
2.3K
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

3.1K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
3.1K
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

3.0K
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
3.0K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.6K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
3.6K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

DNA Nanotubes as a Versatile Tool to Study Semiflexible Polymers
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桥梁小分子计算和可预测的聚合物机械性能.

Luping Wang1, Kaiqiang Zhang1, Kaiyang Hou1

  • 1National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.

Nature communications
|July 29, 2025
PubMed
概括

预测聚合物特性是一项挑战. 新的研究表明,小分子计算可以有效地预测聚氨弹性体性能,提供具有成本效益的高性能材料.

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Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels
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Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels

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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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相关实验视频

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科学领域:

  • 聚合物科学 聚合物科学
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 计算化学的计算化学

背景情况:

  • 通过计算预测聚合物特性受到大型数据库和漫长计算时间的阻碍.
  • 目前用于预测聚合物性质的方法缺乏预测准确性和效率.

研究的目的:

  • 发现一种更有效的计算方法来预测聚合物机械性质.
  • 为了确定超分子碎片计算和聚合物性能之间的相关性.
  • 开发具有增强性能和成本效益的新型聚氨弹性体.

主要方法:

  • 利用计算方法计算超分子碎片的结合能.
  • 与聚氨弹性体的机械性质相关的结合能.
  • 通过实验合成并验证了最高性能弹性体的性能.

主要成果:

  • 在超分子碎片的计算结合能和聚氨弹性体的机械性质之间发现了线性相关性.
  • 开发的弹性体表现出1.1 GJ m-3的性.
  • 该材料具有高机械强度,透明度,可扩展性,自我修复性和可回收性.

结论:

  • 小分子计算为预测聚合物性能提供了一个有效的替代方案.
  • 新型聚氨弹性体与现有材料相比,具有更高的性能-成本比率.
  • 这一突破为高性能弹性体提供了更广泛的应用.