素食主义 - - 如何定义"灵活"的饮食模式,以及它们在全球基于食物的饮食指导中的作用
Julie M Hess1, Kaden Robinson1,2, Angela J Scheett1,2
1US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
Nutrients
|July 30, 2025
概括
减少动物产品消费的灵活饮食是可行的,并且受到许多国家饮食指南的暗示支持. 然而,大多数指南并没有明确建议减少乳制品或鱼类摄入量.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 饮食模式 饮食模式
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 减少动物性食品的饮食模式可能比严格的素食或素食饮食获得更大的消费者接受.
- 定义和评估柔性饮食与现有的基于食物的饮食指南 (FBDG) 的兼容性对于公共健康至关重要.
- 灵活饮食包括减少动物食品的摄入量,为传统饮食方法提供了潜在的替代方案.
研究的目的:
- 确定灵活的饮食模式的一致定义.
- 评估现有的国家FBDG是否能够适应柔性饮食模式.
- 分析FBDG在多大程度上包含了减少动物食品消费的建议.
主要方法:
- 进行了文献搜索,确定了86篇有关柔性饮食的相关文章.
- 从经过审查的文献中提取并总结了柔性饮食的定义.
- 从42个国家/地区下载和分析了FBDGs,重点是2000卡路里左右的饮食指南.
主要成果:
- 灵活饮食的共识定义出现了:每月至少消费一种动物产品 (乳制品,蛋,肉或鱼),但不到每周.
- 只有斯里兰卡的FBDG明确提到半素食模式;12个FBDG描述了素食模式.
- 14个FBDG建议减少肉类/动物食品或选择替代品,但大多数没有建议减少乳制品或鱼类摄入量.
结论:
- 采用柔性饮食,特别是通过限制红肉,是可以实现的,并且受到许多国家饮食指南的暗示支持.
- 来自多个国家的官方FBDG暗示建议减少动物食品摄入量.
- 大多数经过审查的FBDG缺乏明确的建议,以减少在灵活的框架内减少乳制品或鱼类消费.
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