分散免疫监测:尼日利亚卡诺州Kumbotso LGA试点实施的经验教训
Adam Attahiru1, Yahaya Mohammed1, Fiyidi Mikailu1
1African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET), Abuja 900231, Nigeria.
Vaccines
|July 30, 2025
概括
尼日利亚免疫覆盖率低与照顾者教育和农村居住有关. 有针对性的干预措施对于减少零剂量儿童和提高常规疫苗接种率至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 卫生系统研究 卫生系统研究
背景情况:
- 尼日利亚免疫覆盖率低,需要了解影响疫苗接种的背景因素.
- 卡诺州Kumbotso LGA的一项试点研究旨在确定表现不佳的病房和常规免疫 (RI) 的障碍.
- 目标是减少未接种疫苗的儿童和零剂量 (ZD) 的儿童,定义为那些没有接种第一个白喉咳疫苗 (DPT) 的儿童.
研究的目的:
- 使用批量质量保证采样 (LQAS) 和疫苗接种行为和社会驱动因素 (BeSD) 框架试点一种分散的免疫监测 (DIM) 方法.
- 确定疫苗接种率较低的特定病房,并分析潜在的障碍和促进因素.
- 为改善常规免疫计划提供信息,以增加疫苗接种率并减少ZD儿童.
主要方法:
- 采用LQAS和BeSD框架的横截面研究设计.
- 研究人口包括昆布佐区11个病房的0-23个月龄儿童的照顾者.
- 用细分抽样和与大小相称的概率 (PPS) 抽样来选择209个定居点进行数据收集.
主要成果:
- 延迟接种疫苗的患病率为21.9% (4.5-11个月),ZD为26.8% (12-23个月);分别为71.4%和89.1%的人没有接种疫苗.
- 较低的护理人员教育,农村居住和家庭分娩与延迟/ZD状态相关 (p <0.05).
- 对疫苗的负面看法 (50-53.6%) 和对卫生工作者的不信任 (46.4-48.2%) 是重要的障碍;护理人员打算接种疫苗是保护性的 (OR:0.27).
结论:
- 在尼日利亚,LQAS和BeSD有效地发现了表现不佳的病房和免疫缺口.
- 关键障碍包括护理人员教育水平低,农村环境和对疫苗的负面看法;高等教育和城市居住是保护性的.
- 针对教育,信任和系统性问题的有针对性的干预措施对于公平的疫苗接种和减少ZD儿童至关重要.
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