引入例行性轮状病毒疫苗接种计划对日本市镇疫苗接种覆盖率和因素的影响:VENUS研究
Megumi Maeda1, Fumiko Murata1, Haruhisa Fukuda1
1Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
BMJ public health
|July 30, 2025
概括
日本的常规轮状病毒疫苗接种计划增加了11.24%的覆盖率,并减少了婴儿免疫的社会经济障碍. 这一举措改善了弱势群体的疫苗接种率,证明了其在公共卫生方面的成功.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 免疫接种计划 免疫接种计划
背景情况:
- 日本于2020年10月实施了一项国家轮状病毒疫苗接种计划,为2020年8月之后出生的婴儿提供补贴疫苗接种.
- 该计划对疫苗接种覆盖率的影响以及影响疫苗接种的因素在很大程度上仍未确定.
- 了解这些变化对于评估公共卫生干预和优化免疫策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估在计划推出之前和之后,在日本一个城市的婴儿中,轮状病毒疫苗接种覆盖率的变化.
- 确定与轮状病毒疫苗接种相关的社会人口和社会经济因素.
- 评估该计划在缓解疫苗接种差异方面的有效性.
主要方法:
- 一项回顾性队列研究,利用来自日本市的疫苗接种,居民登记册和医疗索赔数据.
- 在2019年4月至2022年2月之间出生的婴儿被分为"引入前" (2020年8月之前出生) 或"引入后" (2020年8月或之后出生).
- 间断时间序列分析检查了覆盖范围的变化,而Poisson和修改的最小平方回归确定了疫苗接种因素.
主要成果:
- 在该计划推出后,罗塔病毒疫苗接种覆盖率增加了11.24%,分析了26,174名婴儿.
- 在有三个或更多兄弟姐妹的婴儿 (40.47%) 和受公共援助 (60.65%) 覆盖的婴儿中观察到显著的覆盖率增加.
- 虽然先前存在的差异 (例如,较少的兄弟姐妹,单母家庭) 影响了引入前的吸收,但该计划在引入后大幅减少了它们的影响.
结论:
- 在日本引入常规轮状病毒疫苗接种,大大改善了整体疫苗接种覆盖率.
- 该计划有效地减少了社会人口统计学和社会经济因素对婴儿疫苗接种的影响.
- 这表明,政府补贴的计划在提高免疫公平性和覆盖率方面取得了成功.
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