追溯研究揭示了几十年来在西班牙的PCV4循环
Rocío Holgado-Martín1, Luis Gómez1, David Risco1
1Department of Animal Medicine, Area of Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy, University of Extremadura 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
Transboundary and emerging diseases
|July 30, 2025
概括
自2000年左右以来,猪肉环状病毒4 (PCV4) 在西班牙一直未被检测到,在野猪和家猪之间传播. 这挑战了其最近国际传播的想法,强调了需要更多的研究.
科学领域:
- 兽医病毒学 兽医病毒学
- 分子流行病学分子流行病学
- 动物健康 动物健康
背景情况:
- 猪肉循环病毒4 (PCV4) 首次在2019年在中国被发现,追溯到2008年的病例.
- 人们认为PCV4的分布仅限于亚洲,直到最近在西班牙和美国发现.
- 以前的发现表明,西班牙野猪中PCV4的流行率很高.
研究的目的:
- 调查非亚洲国家PCV4的历史和当前传播情况,重点关注西班牙和野猪.
- 将PCV4菌株进行基因特征,并将其置于国家和国际流行病学背景中.
- 了解西班牙PCV4的引入和传播动态.
主要方法:
- 使用定量实时聚合酶链反应 (qPCR) 测试了302个淋巴结样本.
- 从10个阳性PCV4菌株中对完整的开放阅读框架2 (ORF2) 的基因测序.
- 植物遗传学和植物动力学分析以确定遗传关系和估计引入时间.
主要成果:
- 在302个样本中,62个样本检测出PCV4阳性,主要是从2011-2015年,从2022-2024年有5个阳性样本.
- 遗传学分析揭示了两个主要集群:一个是专门的中国,另一个是来自多个大陆的菌株,包括西班牙和美国.
- 西班牙菌株形成了一个独特的分类,引入估计在2000年左右,这表明长期未被发现的循环和野猪和户外家养猪之间的传播.
结论:
- 在西班牙,PCV4的历史比以前想象的要长,挑战了最近国际传播的范式.
- 有证据表明,西班牙的野猪和家猪种群之间正在进行流通和交换.
- 欧洲密集养殖猪中PCV4缺失的原因需要进一步调查,强调需要持续监测和数据共享.
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