13-18岁的中国青少年体育活动与执行功能之间的关联
Yuan Liu1, Xiaojian Yin2, Yi Sun3
1Physical Education College of Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
Frontiers in pediatrics
|July 30, 2025
概括
中度至强度的体力活动 (MVPA) 对青少年的执行功能 (EF) 有积极的影响. 在每天59-61分钟的MVPA时,可以看到最佳的EF益处,这表明对认知发展的关键范围.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 执行功能 (EF) 对青少年的认知发展和学术成功至关重要.
- 身体活动 (PA) 越来越多地被认为具有提高认知功能的潜力.
- 了解青少年PA和EF不同强度之间的特定关系对于有针对性的干预措施至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在一大批中国青少年中调查身体活动 (PA) 和执行功能 (EF) 之间的关联.
- 确定适度至强度体力活动 (MVPA) 的最佳持续时间,以增强EF.
- 探索PA和EF领域之间的剂量反应关系,包括抑制控制,工作记忆和认知灵活性.
主要方法:
- 分层集群随机抽样招募了来自11个中国城市的4991名青少年.
- 参与者完成了执行功能测试和体力活动问卷.
- 数据使用ANOVA,皮尔森相关性和同位时间替代模型 (ISM) 进行分析.
主要成果:
- 每日MVPA与抑制控制的反应时间 (RTs) 负相关,2back任务和两性认知灵活性.
- 用MVPA取代久坐或轻度体力活动,在所有EF领域显著降低了RTs.
- 观察到一个反转的U形剂量-反应关系,在59.02-60.88分钟/天的MVPA时具有最佳的EF性能.
结论:
- 在青少年中,MVPA显示了与关键执行功能的反向U形关系.
- 每天59.02-60.88分钟的最佳范围的MVPA似乎是增强抑制控制,工作记忆和认知灵活性最有益的.
- 这些发现支持促进特定时间的体育活动,以改善青少年的认知健康.
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