一个世纪的人类干扰影响了标志性迁徙大西洋鱼的基因组签名
Cecilia Helmerson1, Joël M Durant1, Siv Nam Khang Hoff1
1Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Science advances
|July 30, 2025
概括
人类活动正在改变大西洋鱼基因组,增加迁徙和沿海种群之间的混合. 这些基因组变化与环境变化和渔业压力有关,影响鱼的进化和管理.
科学领域:
- 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
- 人口遗传学 人口遗传学
- 保护基因组学 保护基因组学
背景情况:
- 人类造成的压力因素导致了显著的生态系统变化,影响了海洋鱼群及其息地.
- 这些变化对全基因组特征的长期进化后果尚不清楚.
- 巴伦茨海中的大西洋鱼 (Gadus morhua) 是面临环境压力的标志性迁徙物种.
研究的目的:
- 在巴伦茨海进行大西洋鱼的全基因组追溯评估.
- 调查人为压力因素对迁徙和沿海生态型之间的遗传动态的影响.
- 了解大西洋鱼对环境变化和渔业的进化反应.
主要方法:
- 大西洋鱼 (Gadus morhua) 种群的全基因组回顾性评估.
- 分析迁移性和非迁移性沿海生态型之间的混合模式.
- 识别与迁徙行为相关的染色体反转.
- 生态建模和全基因组扫描以将遗传变化与环境因素相关联.
主要成果:
- 在整个20世纪观察到迁徙和沿海大西洋鱼生态型之间的不同程度的混合,在最近几十年中加剧.
- 有关与迁徙行为有关的染色体逆转的异构性增加.
- 与神经发育,新陈代谢和生长相关的基因的频率变化与强化渔业,减少生成时间和海洋变暖相关.
结论:
- 人类引起的干扰显著影响大西洋鱼生态型之间的遗传动力学.
- 观察到的基因组变化反映了对环境变化和人类活动的进化反应.
- 这些发现对未来大西洋鱼种群的管理和保护有潜在的影响.
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