脂肪饮食对血压的影响:系统审查和元分析
Tingzhen Zang1, Waseem Hassan2, Faraza Javaid3
1Department of Internal Medicine, Tsinghua University Hospital, Beijing, China.
Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition
|July 30, 2025
概括
饮食中的脂肪油显著降低血压 (BP). 低脂肪,不和脂肪和DASH饮食提供适度血压的好处,强调饮食.
科学领域:
- 心血管健康 心血管健康
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 饮食干预 饮食干预
背景情况:
- 高血压是心血管疾病的主要危险因素.
- 食脂肪极大地影响了血压 (BP) 的调节.
- 不和脂肪可能会降低血压,而和脂肪和反式脂肪可能会增加血压.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和元分析各种食脂肪对静缩血压 (SBP) 和静缩血压 (DBP) 的影响.
- 为了确定管理高血压最有效的饮食模式.
主要方法:
- 搜索了MEDLINE和ClinicalTrials.gov的相关研究 (从开始到2025年2月).
- 包括25项研究 (n=14,522名参与者),包括随机对照试验和观察性研究.
- 分析了BP中平均差异 (MDs) 的数据,评估了出版偏差,并进行了灵敏度分析.
主要成果:
- 基于食物的油性饮食显示SBP和DBP (MD: -18.43和-12.90毫米) 减少最为显著.
- 低脂肪和不和脂肪丰富的饮食也降低了血压 (SBP: -6.91至 -4.46毫米升; DBP: -3.78至 -0.74毫米升).
- DASH饮食显示中度血压降低 (SBP: -3.83,DBP: -2.18 mm Hg);高脂肪和omega-3饮食的效果较小.
结论:
- 基于食物的脂肪油饮食产生了最大的血压降低.
- 低脂肪,不和脂肪丰富和DASH饮食提供适度的血压降低效果.
- 饮食中的脂肪成分在血压管理中起着至关重要的作用.
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