在SARS-CoV-2和结核病中,全血干扰素-γ释放试验的性能取决于年龄
Tobias Rothoeft1, Anna Teresa Hoffmann2, Christoph Maier1
1University Children's Hospital, Katholisches Klinikum Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
Infection
|July 31, 2025
概括
通过结核病 (TB) 和SARS-CoV-2的干扰素马释放试验 (IGRA) 测量的细胞免疫反应在儿童和成年人中都取决于年龄. 商业上可用的IGRA测试显示幼儿的敏感度低于最佳.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 细胞免疫保护,特别是结核病 (TB),通常使用干扰素马释放试验 (IGRA) 来评估年龄依赖性.
- 之前的研究表明,与儿童相比,具有混合免疫力的青少年在Omicron感染后的SARS-CoV-2 IGRA反应性更高.
- 这项研究调查了年龄对IGRA测量TB和SARS-CoV-2在未成年人和成年人的细胞免疫力的影响.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定年龄是否影响IGRA在结核病 (TB) 和SARS-CoV-2中测量的细胞免疫力.
- 为了比较结核病和SARS-CoV-2之间的IGRA反应的年龄依赖性.
- 评估IGRA测试在不同年龄组的敏感性,特别是未成年人.
主要方法:
- 在2022年9月至12月的13个德国研究地点招募参与者.
- 通过SARS-CoV-2和结核病特异性IGRA分析细胞免疫力.
- 通过抗体测量 (抗S和抗NP) 和基于自然或混合免疫的分类来评估对SARS-CoV-2的幽默免疫力.
主要成果:
- 这项研究共包括1401名成年人和392名未成年人.
- 干扰素-释放,SARS-CoV-2 IGRA阳性 (OR 1.022),和结核病IGRA阳性 (OR 1.047) 都被发现是年龄相关的.
- 与成年人相比,SARS-CoV-2 IGRA敏感性在未成年人 (0.45) 中较低 (0.66),并且在具有自然免疫力的5岁以下儿童 (0.29) 中特别低.
结论:
- 根据IGRA对SARS-CoV-2和结核病的测量,干扰素-马反应的质量和数量受到年龄的显著影响.
- 商业上可用的IGRA测试在幼儿中显示出低于最佳的灵敏度,这可能会限制它们在这个人口群体中的诊断和研究实用性.
- 年龄是解释两种传染病IGRA结果的关键因素,需要对年龄进行特定考虑.
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