剪牙形态可能允许鱼在更小的尺寸上进入更高的食量水平
Sabrina Riverón1,2, Vincent Raoult3,4,5, David J Slip1,6
1Marine Predator Research Group, School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde New South Wales Australia.
Ecology and evolution
|July 31, 2025
概括
捕食者形态,如牙形状和身体大小,显著影响猎物选择和食物营养. 不同的鱼种类基于其物理特征表现出不同的食策略,影响海洋食物网.
科学领域:
- 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 进化形态学 进化形态学
背景情况:
- 猎物的可用性本身并不能保证消费;捕食者必须检测,捕获和处理猎物.
- 捕食者和猎物的形态构成生物力学约束,限制了某些猎物的功能可访问性.
- 形态因素,如牙形状,身体大小和口腔口影响捕食者的食物营养.
研究的目的:
- 评估牙形状和身体长度如何影响两种同情鱼物种的猎物选择性和食物营养.
- 为了比较灰色护士 (Carcharias taurus) 与抓牙的食策略和七鱼 (Notorynchus cepedianus) 与切牙的食策略.
主要方法:
- 胃含量分析以确定猎物选择.
- 肌肉和肝脏组织的稳定同位素分析 (δ13C, δ15N, δ34S),以描述同位素利基.
- 两种鱼种类的养模式与身体大小的比较.
主要成果:
- 灰色护士的口受限,随着它们的生长,它们从teleosts转变为chondrichthyans.
- 不限于gape的七爪鱼消耗了teleosts,chondrichthyans和海洋哺乳动物,无论身体大小如何.
- 这两种物种都从更高的热量级和增加的身体长度中消耗了猎物,七鱼进入相对更高的热量级.
- δ13C和 δ34S值与身体长度没有显著的关系,这表明形态不限制进入海底或谷底食物网.
结论:
- 形态特征,特别是牙和口腔,是大型捕食者的猎物选择的关键驱动因素.
- 这些形态特征促进了对象性捕食者之间的资源分割,影响了海洋生态系统中的热力学.
- 纳入形态因素对于理解猎物选择和海洋食物网动态至关重要.
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