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建造出城市? 一种新的方法来衡量土地使用法规
Paavo Monkkonen1, Michael Manville1, Michael Lens1
1University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
概括
一种新的住房监管严格度测量方法,使用区分容量,比传统指数更好地预测新住房供应. 它揭示了住房需求和监管如何相互作用,以限制高成本城市的建设.
科学领域:
- 城市规划 城市规划
- 住房经济学 住房经济学
- 公共政策 公共政策
背景情况:
- 传统的住房法规指数往往无法捕捉到当地对新住房开发的反感.
- 像地板面积比率 (FAR) 这样的现有措施只提供了对监管严格性的部分观点.
- 了解区域划分和现有建设之间的相互作用对于解释住房生产水平至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 引入一种新的住房监管严格度指标,该指标基于城市自行报告的新住房总区分能力.
- 与传统指数相比,评估这个新指标在预测新住房供应方面的准确性.
- 研究未建区划能力如何与市场租金相互作用以影响住房生产.
主要方法:
- 利用加利福尼亚州城市对新住房总区分能力的自我报告估计,这是州立法所允许的.
- 使用回归分析来检查新区划能力措施与新住房许可证之间的关联.
- 在回归模型中,未建区划能力和租金水平之间的内置交互条件.
主要成果:
- 新的区域化产能指标显示,与新住房供应的关联与传统的基于调查的土地使用法规指数相比或超过.
- 当与租金相互作用时,未建成的区分能力显著预测住房生产,而传统措施无法做到这一点.
- 在需求高的城市中,适度的放松监管导致住房产量比在需求低的城市中实质性的放松监管更大.
结论:
- 城市自我报告的区分能力为当地住房法规的严格性及其对新建筑的影响提供了更准确的评估.
- 住房需求 (租金) 和监管能力之间的相互作用是住房生产的关键决定因素,解释了高成本大都市的供应低.
- 这种方法为了解昂贵的城市地区持续低水平的住房生产提供了更全面的框架.
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