忘记以任何其他名称:指令框架对项目方法指向忘记的影响
Tracy L Taylor1, Kathleen L Hourihan2
1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
概括
这项关于指导性遗忘的研究发现,用于试验指令的特定词语并没有改变遗忘效应. 然而,整体任务的框架影响了内存性能.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 记忆研究 记忆研究
背景情况:
- 项目方法指导的忘记任务通常显示出"记住"项的识别能力比"忘记"项要好.
- 目前尚不清楚这种效应是否仅仅依赖于意图,还是还依赖于指令措辞.
研究的目的:
- 调查定向遗忘效应是否受到试验指令的具体措辞或整体任务框架的影响.
- 探索不同指令集对记忆回忆的影响.
主要方法:
- 参与者完成了一项以物品方法指导的忘记任务,其中包含各种各样的试验指令 (例如,记住/忘记,重要/不重要).
- 实验2操纵了整体任务框架:"除非另有指示,否则请记住"与"除非另有指示,否则请忘记".
主要成果:
- 当使用不同的单词进行逐试验指令时,没有观察到指导性遗忘效应的显著变化.
- 当任务被定义为"除非另有指示,否则请记住"而不是"除非另有指示,否则请忘记"时,出现了较小的定向遗忘效应.
结论:
- 个别试验说明的具体措辞对指导性遗忘效应的影响最小.
- 导向遗忘任务的整体框架显著影响记忆性能,需要研究人员仔细考虑.
更多相关视频
07:59Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
Published on: June 14, 2019
8.1K
05:15The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
Published on: February 19, 2018
10.9K
相关概念视频
Framing Effects
7.5K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
7.5K
Interference and Decay
206
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
206
Forgetting
129
Forgetting is an intrinsic aspect of human memory, characterized by the gradual loss or inaccessibility of information over time. Hermann Ebbinghaus, a pioneering psychologist, extensively studied this phenomenon and formulated the forgetting curve. This curve illustrates that memory loss occurs rapidly immediately after learning and then decelerates over time. Several mechanisms contribute to forgetting, including encoding failure, storage decay, retrieval failure, and interference.
Encoding...
Encoding...
129
Frames: Problem Solving II
288
Consider a hydraulic hoist supporting a load of 1 kN. Assuming a simplified schematic representation of this frame structure, the force acting on BD and BF members can be determined.
288
Implicit Memories
194
Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
One key aspect of implicit...
194
Fundamental Attribution Error
13.2K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
13.2K
