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相关概念视频

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.7K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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对于非结合的聚合物受体的侧链聚合.

Haotian Wu1, Kai Xiang1, Yirong Li1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China. chenjianhua@ynu.edu.cn.

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概括

研究人员通过移植小分子单元开发了一种新的非合聚合物受体 (SPA-1). 这一创新导致了全聚合物太阳能电池的高功率转换效率.

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科学领域:

  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 有机电子 有机电子
  • 聚合物化学 聚合物化学

背景情况:

  • 传统的非合聚合物受体使用交替小分子和非合单位.
  • 开发高效的非结合聚合物受体对于推进有机太阳能电池技术至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为非合聚合物接受器引入一种新的设计策略.
  • 为了合成和评估一个新的非合聚合物接受器 (SPA-1) 与移植的小分子单元.

主要方法:

  • 合成了一个非结合聚合物受体 (SPA-1) 与移植的A-DA'D-A型小分子单元.
  • 使用SPA-1作为接受器材料制造的二元和三元全聚合物太阳能电池 (All-PSC).
  • 描述了制造的太阳能电池的性能,重点是功率转换效率 (PCE).

主要成果:

  • 合成的非合聚合物接受器被称为SPA-1.
  • 二进制全PSC (PBDB-T:SPA-1) 的功率转换效率 (PCE) 为11.16%.
  • 三级所有PSC (PM6:PY-IT:SPA-1) 的PCE显著更高,为17.91%.

结论:

  • 将小分子单元移植到非结合聚合物的侧链中的新型设计策略是有效的.
  • 在二进制和三进制All-PSC中,SPA-1显示出作为接受器材料的有希望的性能.
  • 在三元器件中实现的高PCE突出显示了这种新材料在高效有机光伏的潜力.