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相关概念视频

Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

Self-Report Tests of Personality

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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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Introduction to Personality Psychology01:29

Introduction to Personality Psychology

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Personality encompasses a set of enduring traits and behavioral patterns that define how individuals think, feel, and interact, ultimately shaping their unique identities. The concept of personality has deep historical roots, deriving from the Latin term "persona," which means "mask." This term initially referred to the roles played by actors in ancient theater, signifying the different facets individuals display in various contexts.
Early Theories of Personality
The study of...
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Personality Theory by Eysenck and Eysenck01:29

Personality Theory by Eysenck and Eysenck

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Hans and Sybil Eysenck developed a widely recognized theory of personality, which emphasizes the role of temperament and genetically based differences in shaping individual traits. Their theory posits that biological factors primarily determine personality and can be understood through two main dimensions: extroversion/introversion and neuroticism/stability.
In the extroversion/introversion dimension, highly extroverted people are sociable, outgoing, and easily connect with others. In contrast,...
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Cultural Influences on Personality01:26

Cultural Influences on Personality

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Individualist and collectivist cultures emphasize different core values, shaping personality in distinct ways. In individualist cultures, such as those in the United States, England, and Australia, people prioritize independence, competition, and personal achievement. These societies tend to promote self-focused traits, with individuals often reporting higher levels of self-esteem. In contrast, collectivist cultures, commonly found in regions like Asia, Africa, and South America, emphasize...
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Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality01:30

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Social cognitive perspectives on personality emphasize the importance of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals in shaping behavior. These perspectives incorporate behaviorist principles, such as learning through reinforcement and conditioning, but extend beyond them by highlighting human reasoning and planning. Unlike traditional behaviorist views, social cognitive theory focuses on how individuals reflect on their past experiences and plan for future outcomes by considering...
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The Behavioral Perspective on Personality01:19

The Behavioral Perspective on Personality

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Behaviorists view personality as primarily shaped by environmental reinforcements and consequences. According to this perspective, behavior is influenced by external stimuli, and individuals adjust their actions based on rewards and punishments. Over time, learning histories — accumulated patterns of reinforcement — play a significant role in shaping personality. Behaviors that lead to positive outcomes are reinforced, while those resulting in negative outcomes are diminished.
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人格和落:来自三个样本的证据

Yannick Stephan1, Angelina R Sutin2, Brice Canada3

  • 1Euromov, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.

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此摘要是机器生成的。

布是一个主要的公共卫生问题. 这项研究发现,老年人中较高的神经病症和较低的良心是最近和未来跌倒的重要危险因素.

关键词:
老年综合征的发生.在纵向的长度上.心理因素 心理因素

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科学领域:

  • 老年学是指老年学的学科.
  • 公共卫生 公共卫生
  • 心理学 心理学 心理学

背景情况:

  • 布对老年人来说是一个关键的公共卫生问题.
  • 了解导致跌倒风险的因素对于预防策略至关重要.
  • 人格特征越来越多地被认为是健康结果的潜在决定因素.

研究的目的:

  • 调查人格特征与老年人最近和意外跌倒的风险之间的关联.
  • 探索疾病负担,体力活动,日常生活活动 (ADL) 限制和抓握力在人格下降风险关系中的调解作用.

主要方法:

  • 分析了三大纵向样本,包括超过16000名老年人 (60-104岁).
  • 基本评估人格特征,人口共同变量和潜在的媒介 (疾病负担,体力活动,ADL限制,握力).
  • 在9至17年的时间里收集了纵向跌倒数据,包括最近的基线跌倒和随访期间的意外跌倒.

主要成果:

  • 较高的神经性与最近跌倒的可能性增加 (OR=1.25) 和意外跌倒的风险增加 (HR=1.09) 有关.
  • 较高的认真度与最近跌倒的可能性降低 (OR=0.84) 和意外跌倒的风险降低 (HR=0.93) 相关.
  • 外向和开放与最近跌倒的几率较低,但没有意外跌倒;愉悦性与跌倒风险没有关联. 观察到的关联部分是由疾病负担,体育活动,ADL限制和握力介导的.

结论:

  • 人格特征显示,老年人与跌倒风险有着一致的关联.
  • 高度神经性和良心性降低成为跌的重要危险因素,类似于其他老年综合征.
  • 这些发现强调了在针对老年人的综合性防摔计划中考虑心理因素的重要性.