父母和孩子之间的差异和家庭的运作:对父母的温暖和孩子内化问题的纵向调查
1Department of Education, University of Innsbruck.
概括
父母和子女之间感知到的父母温暖的差异预示着孩子的内化问题,特别是在晚年童年. 这些联系更明显,因为稳定的家庭差异比家庭内部的变化更明显.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 家庭研究 家庭研究
- 儿童和青少年精神病学
背景情况:
- 家庭系统显著影响儿童的发展,不断变化的关系影响儿童的福祉.
- 父母和孩子对父母温暖和孩子内化问题的感知之间的相互作用需要进一步研究.
- 了解感知中的差异是如何演变和影响家庭动态的,对于识别潜在的功能障碍至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 检查父母和孩子对父母温暖的看法之间的差异对孩子内化问题随着时间的推移的双向影响.
- 调查这些联系如何在整个童年和青春期演变.
- 在这些关系中区分家庭内部和家庭间的影响.
主要方法:
- 从1887名儿童及其母亲和父亲的7个年度波段 (三年级至九年级) 收集的纵向数据.
- 利用随机拦截交叉滞后面板模型来分析家族内部的交叉滞后效应.
- 检查了家族内部的时间效应和家族间的稳定差异.
主要成果:
- 观察到有限的家族内部时间交叉滞后效应,父母温暖的父母-孩子差异预测了儿童内化问题的差异 (6-9年级).
- 家庭间的影响更为明显:家庭之间的稳定差异解释了联系.
- 家庭在感知孩子内化问题的差异较大,也显示出更大的差异在父母的温暖.
结论:
- 感知到父母的温暖和孩子内化问题的差异更多地表明了家庭之间的特征,而不是家庭内部的动态.
- 与这些差异相关的家庭功能障碍在家庭之间更为突出.
- 家庭间和家庭内部的因素对于全面了解这些发育过程都很重要.
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