有动机的信息搜索:儿童和成年人的上下文依赖效率
Ohan Hominis1, Christophe Heintz1, Azzurra Ruggeri2
1Department of Cognitive Science, Central European University, Quellenstraße 51, 1100 Vienna, Austria.
Cognition
|July 31, 2025
概括
社会动机影响所有年龄段的信息搜索效率. 参与者在竞争场景中与团队的最佳利益相一致时,更有效地搜索信息.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
背景情况:
- 寻找信息的行为很早就发展起来,但受到社会因素的影响.
- 以前的研究表明,从3岁开始,信息搜索效率显著提高.
- 2岁的孩子可以调整搜索策略以最大限度地获取信息.
研究的目的:
- 调查社会叙事如何影响信息搜索效率.
- 为了检查这种影响在儿童,青少年和成年人.
- 了解社会动机在信息收集中的作用.
主要方法:
- 两项研究涉及174名和175名不同年龄组的参与者.
- 参与者参与了20个问题游戏,并进行了社会动机操纵 (获胜/输球团队场景).
- 信息搜索效率是通过20个问题游戏中的表现来衡量的.
主要成果:
- 所有年龄段的参与者在发现罪犯符合他们的团队利益时,表现出更有效的信息搜索.
- 与标准的20个问题性能相比,社会背景显著调节了信息搜索效率.
- 由社会背景驱动的动机提高了信息收集的效率.
结论:
- 社会背景对跨发育阶段信息搜索的效率有着关键的影响.
- 了解社会动机对于信息搜索的准确发展轨迹至关重要.
- 未来的研究和范式应该纳入社会背景,以实现现实世界的相关性.
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