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相关概念视频

Parenting Styles01:27

Parenting Styles

127
Diana Baumrind's four parenting styles — authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, and permissive — each influence children's socio-emotional development differently.
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative...
127
Introduction to Developmental Psychology01:27

Introduction to Developmental Psychology

543
Developmental psychology explores the changes and continuities in human abilities throughout life, encompassing physical, cognitive, linguistic, and social dimensions. Human development is not restricted to growth, but includes aspects of decline, particularly in physical abilities as individuals age. Developmental psychologists seek to understand how people change as they age and how their mental and social skills evolve.Developmental MilestonesA key concept in developmental psychology is...
543
The Nativist Approach01:21

The Nativist Approach

129
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
129

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相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools
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美国国家卫生研究院婴儿工具箱 (NIH Baby Toolbox®) 开发方法和规范.

Y Catherine Han1, Elizabeth M Dworak1, Maxwell Mansolf1

  • 1Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, United States.

Infant behavior & development
|July 31, 2025
PubMed
概括

美国国家卫生研究院婴儿工具箱提供了一种新的,高效的方法来评估婴儿发育. 这种全面的工具为早期儿童研究提供了可靠的认知,运动和社会情感测量.

关键词:
发展性评估是指发展性的评估.幼儿早期的童年 早期的童年婴儿时期 婴儿时期美国国家卫生研究院婴儿工具箱标准分数 标准分数 标准分数

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科学领域:

  • 发展心理学是发展心理学.
  • 儿科神经科学 儿科神经科学
  • 儿童发展研究儿童发展研究

背景情况:

  • 现有的早期发育评估往往耗时,需要专家管理.
  • 需要一个标准化,可访问的婴儿发育指标.
  • 美国国立卫生研究院婴儿工具箱扩展了建立的美国国立卫生研究院神经和行为功能评估工具箱®.

研究的目的:

  • 介绍和描述NIH婴儿工具箱,一个新的婴儿评估电池.
  • 为各个领域的发展研究提供"共同的货币".
  • 提供NIH工具箱的扩展,用于年轻人群.

主要方法:

  • 在2515名美国婴幼儿 (16天至48个月) 的全国代表性样本上进行了规范化.
  • 样本权重与美国人口普查人口统计数据相匹配,以获得代表性.
  • 根据年龄基准值的综合增值模型分析得分.

主要成果:

  • 这项研究成功地规范了婴儿认知,运动和社会情绪评估的综合电池.
  • 在相关年龄段确定了参考值和标准偏差.
  • 规范化过程尽量减少偏差,并最大限度地提高估计的准确性.

结论:

  • 美国国立卫生研究院婴儿工具箱为婴儿评估提供了一个有价值,高效和标准化的资源.
  • 这个工具将支持婴儿神经和行为健康的关键研究.
  • 它作为未来关于早期发育研究的基础.