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相关概念视频

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

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Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
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Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Depression01:03

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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工作记忆的学习依赖的调制.

Frida A B Printzlau1,2, Athanasios Bourganos3, Keisuke Fukuda3,4

  • 1Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Toronto, 100 St George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, Canada. frida.printzlau@utoronto.ca.

Memory & cognition
|July 31, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

新学到的类别可以对工作记忆 (WM) 报告产生偏见,特别是当训练强调类别原型时. 这些偏见很快就会出现,并取决于学习策略,影响知觉和记忆.

关键词:
这是一个偏见的偏见.分类学习类别的学习.长期记忆 长期记忆 长期记忆之前的经验 之前的经验工作记忆 工作记忆

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相关实验视频

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Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
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科学领域:

  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 记忆研究 记忆研究

背景情况:

  • 分类知识影响知觉和决策,但也可以在记忆中引入偏见.
  • 之前的研究已经确定了对熟悉类别的工作记忆 (WM) 的分类偏差,但对新学习的类别的偏差知之甚少.
  • 对于认知理论来说,了解新类别对WM偏见的速度和条件对于认知理论至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 调查新类别的学习如何影响工作记忆 (WM) 报告.
  • 检查类别学习的性质 (原型与边界) 是否会影响WM偏见的出现.
  • 确定新学到的类别是否可以在WM中充当先验.

主要方法:

  • 三项实验 (N=180) 涉及参与者通过简短的培训 (10-15分钟) 学习新型形状类别.
  • 培训侧重于类别原型或类别界限,随后是两项WM任务.
  • 分析了WM报告的准确性和偏见,与类别学习条件和对照组相关.

主要成果:

  • 新类别学习在熟悉的特征空间中提高了WM准确性.
  • 在以原型为重点的培训后,WM报告显示了取决于类别的偏见,但不是以边界为重点的培训.
  • 偏差的大小与距离类别边界的距离相关,并且发生在具有不同类别项目的试验中.

结论:

  • 即使是最近获得的类别也可以作为影响工作记忆的先验.
  • 具体的学习策略显著影响新类别是否以及如何偏向WM.
  • 这些发现提升了我们对类别学习,记忆和认知偏见的理解.