在老年人中,感官困难,社会和身体活动,以及痴呆症风险
Shu Xu1,2, Jeffrey A Burr2, Qian Song2
1Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Journal of aging and health
|August 1, 2025
概括
患有视力或听力损失的老年人面临更高的痴呆风险. 社会活动调解了这种联系,突出了它对老龄人口认知健康的重要性.
科学领域:
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 感官损失,包括视力和听力障碍,越来越多地被认为是痴呆症的危险因素.
- 将感官缺陷与认知衰退,特别是痴呆症联系在一起的具体机制需要进一步阐明.
- 了解这些途径对于开发有针对性的干预措施来减轻老年人痴呆风险至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查自我报告的感官困难 (视觉,听觉,双感官损失) 与发生痴呆的风险之间的关联.
- 检查社会和身体活动在感官丧失和痴呆之间的关系中扮演的调解角色.
- 分析来自大量美国老年成年人的数据,以提供关于这些关联的有力的证据.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自国家健康和衰老趋势研究 (2015-2020) 的数据,其中包括6,295名美国老年成年人.
- 在结构方程建模框架内采用离散时间生存调解模型.
- 分析视觉,听觉和双感官困难对痴呆发病率的影响,考虑社会和身体活动水平.
主要成果:
- 痴呆的发病率在双重感官困难 (21.8%) 的个体中最高,其次是视觉 (18.8%) 和听力 (13.2%) 障碍.
- 视觉和双感官困难与减少社交活动和增加随后痴呆症风险显著相关.
- 社会活动,而不是身体活动,在将视觉和双感官困难与痴呆症联系起来的途径中出现了重要的调解者.
结论:
- 老年人的感官丧失是发展痴呆症的重要危险因素.
- 减少社会参与似乎是感官障碍导致痴呆风险的一个关键机制.
- 进一步的研究是有必要的,以探索感官损失与痴呆症相关的其他因素,并为预防策略提供信息.
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