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相关概念视频

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

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In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Cyclic Processes And Isolated Systems01:19

Cyclic Processes And Isolated Systems

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A thermodynamic system with zero heat exchange and work is an isolated system. For these systems, the internal energy remains constant.
In the case of a non-isolated system, the change in the internal energy is zero only if the process is cyclic. A thermodynamic process is considered cyclic if the system undergoes a series of changes and returns to its initial state. 
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相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions
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在复杂系统的关键转换过程中出现反复凝结.

Manaswini Jella1,2, Induja Pavithran2,3, Vishnu R Unni4

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)
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概括

这项研究引入了反复性分析,以检测复杂系统中的关键过渡,如流体. 该方法被称为"反复凝聚",可以识别从混乱到周期性行为的转变,即使在杂的数据中也是如此.

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科学领域:

  • 复杂系统动力学 复杂系统动力学
  • 流体力学 流体力学 流体力学
  • 非线性动力学是一种非线性动力学.

背景情况:

  • 复杂系统中的关键过渡可以导致自然和工程系统的灾难性故障.
  • 检测这些关键点是具有挑战性的,特别是在杂的,高维的系统.
  • 流体系统表现出复杂的动态,难以预测和控制临界点附近.

研究的目的:

  • 在流体系统中,利用复发性分析,研究从混乱振荡到周期性振荡的关键过渡.
  • 开发一种方法来检测噪音系统中的关键点,并进行逐步过渡.
  • 命名和量化观察到的"反复凝结"现象.

主要方法:

  • 在来自流体系统的时间序列数据上使用了复杂度图 (RP) 和复杂度量化措施 (RQM).
  • 分析了从无序结构到有序结构的复发模式的演变.
  • 使用诸如复发时间,确定性,,层次性和捕获时间等指标量化的"复发凝结".

主要成果:

  • 复杂性图表显示出明显的进展,表明从多个时间尺度向主导的单个时间尺度 ("复杂性凝结") 的转变.
  • 复发量化指标崩到一个单一的主导时间尺度,证实了过渡.
  • 复杂性测量显示了权力法在临界点附近的缩放,允许精确检测临界参数值.

结论:

  • 反复分析,特别是"反复凝结",是检测杂,复杂系统中的关键转换的有效方法.
  • 该方法成功地确定了合成杂的Hopf分叉模型中的关键点,与分叉点一致.
  • 这种方法为识别各种科学和工程领域定义不良的过渡点提供了有价值的见解.