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相关概念视频

Isotopes and Radioisotopes01:28

Isotopes and Radioisotopes

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In the early 1900s, English chemist Frederick Soddy realized that an element could have atoms with different masses that were chemically indistinguishable. These different types are called isotopes — atoms of the same element that differ in mass. Isotopes differ in mass because they have different numbers of neutrons but are chemically identical because they have the same number of protons. Soddy was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for this discovery.
An isotope containing...
10.1K
Nuclear Binding Energy02:13

Nuclear Binding Energy

13.0K
The difference between the calculated and experimentally measured masses is known as the mass defect of the atom. In the case of helium-4, the mass defect indicates a “loss” in mass of 4.0331 amu – 4.0026 amu = 0.0305 amu. The loss in mass accompanying the formation of an atom from protons, neutrons, and electrons is due to the conversion of that mass into energy that is evolved as the atom forms. The nuclear binding energy is the energy produced when the atoms’ nucleons...
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Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

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The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
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Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
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基于原子核的辐射疗法

Natalia Knake1, Rafał Prokopowicz1, Michał A Gryziński1

  • 1National Centre for Nuclear Research, 7 Andrzeja Sołtana St., 05 - 400 Otwock, Poland.

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine
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PubMed
概括

-4 (4He) 核,或α粒子,在各种医学辐射疗法中表现有前途. 开发准确的剂量成像方法对于有效的治疗计划和对生物反应的监测至关重要.

关键词:
阿尔法粒子是指阿尔法粒子.在 BNCT 上,你会发现.剂量测量方法 剂量测量方法核医学是一种核医学.核物理学 核物理 核物理放射生物学的放射生物学辐射疗法 辐射疗法

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科学领域:

  • 核医学和辐射瘤学.
  • 探索用于治疗的-4 (4He) 核 (α粒子).

背景情况:

  • 4He核具有医疗用途的有利物理和生物特性.
  • 目前的应用包括通过扩散阿尔法发射器辐射疗法 (DaRT) 的内部放射疗法 (IR) 和基于阿尔法发射器的放射药物疗法 (αRT).
  • 中子捕获疗法 (BNCT) 使用化合物作为α粒子的来源.

研究的目的:

  • 为提供当前和临床前基于4He核的治疗方法的概述.
  • 为了强调治疗剂量成像在4He粒子治疗期间的方法.
  • 突出阿尔法粒子辐射疗法的剂量测量和治疗规划方面的挑战.

主要方法:

  • 审查现有的临床和临床前研究关于基于4He核的疗法.
  • 讨论成像阿尔法粒子的间接方法,并伴随着7Li核的分布.
  • 对吸收剂量模型的放射生物学参数的探索,考虑协同效应.

主要成果:

  • 自20世纪90年代以来未在临床上使用的高能4离子在2021年重新进行了患者治疗的研究.
  • 对α粒子和7Li核的直接测量是不可能的,需要间接成像技术.
  • 新兴的方法旨在将物理剂量分配与治疗规划的生物反应相关联.

结论:

  • 准确的体内剂量分配监测和生物反应评估对于4He疗法至关重要.
  • 开发先进的成像技术和放射生物模型对于优化α粒子辐射治疗至关重要.
  • 对基于4He核的治疗方法的持续研究具有改善癌症治疗的巨大潜力.