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中老年和老年人的超加工食品摄入量和大脑健康
Jiawei Gu1, Linli Chen2, Yujia Bao1
1School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
The journal of nutrition, health & aging
|August 2, 2025
概括
高超加工食品 (UPF) 摄入量与痴呆症,帕金森病和多发性硬化症的风险增加有关. 这种饮食模式也与大脑中灰质量显著减少有关,影响大脑的整体健康.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 营养科学 营养科学
背景情况:
- 神经退行性疾病构成了日益严重的全球健康挑战.
- 超加工食品 (UPF) 在现代饮食中越来越普遍,并且与慢性疾病有关.
- 识别可修改的饮食风险因素对于神经保护至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查超加工食品消费与神经退行性疾病风险之间的关联.
- 检查UPF摄入量与大脑结构变化之间的关系,特别是灰质形态学.
- 探索遗传倾向对这些关联的影响.
主要方法:
- 对58,423名英国生物库参与者 (年龄在40-70岁) 的前性队列研究.
- 使用牛津WebQ饮食问卷量化UPF摄入量.
- 考克斯的比例危险模型和多重线性回归分析了疾病风险和大脑结构,并根据多基因风险得分进行了子组分析.
主要成果:
- 高UPF摄入量与痴呆症 (HR 1.37),帕金森病 (HR 1.76) 和多发性硬化症 (HR 2.38) 的风险增加有关.
- 在具有较低遗传倾向 (多基因风险评分) 的个体中,相关性更强.
- 增加的UPF消耗与灰质体积,厚度和表面积的减少相关,特别是在右半球.
结论:
- 超加工食品的饮食摄入量是神经退行性疾病的重要危险因素.
- 摄入UPF与大脑结构的有害变化有关.
- 对饮食的评估和修改,特别是减少UPF摄入量,对于旨在保护大脑健康的公共卫生战略可能很重要.
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