对非洲地区人口和流行病学转型的比较分析:对公共卫生的政策影响
Fausto Ciccacci1, Annamaria Doro2, Francesca Basile3
1Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Public health
|August 2, 2025
概括
非洲正面临着重大的人口和流行病学转变. 公共卫生战略必须是特定区域的,应对传染病和非传染性疾病 (NCD) 的增加.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 人口统计学 人口统计学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 全球健康 全球健康
背景情况:
- 非洲正在经历快速的人口和流行病学转型,改变全球公共卫生优先事项.
- 了解这些转变中的区域差异对于有效的公共卫生干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 对非洲不同地区的人口和流行病学转型进行比较分析.
- 为不同非洲人群制定量身定制的公共卫生战略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 使用来自世界银行和全球疾病负担 (GBD) 数据库的二次数据的观察性描述性研究.
- 从1960年到2020年的人口趋势 (出生率,死亡率,预期寿命) 的分析.
- 评估疾病负担 (传染病[CD],非传染病[NCD],伤害) 使用死亡率和根据残疾调整的寿命年 (DALYs) 从1990-2019.
主要成果:
- 在人口转型中观察到显著的区域差异,东非人口明显增长.
- 整个大陆的流行病学转变从CDS到NCDS,北非显示CDS显著下降和NCDS的增加.
- 南非在CD和NCD负担之间几乎均地分配,而其他地区在CD减少方面进展较慢.
结论:
- 对于非洲来说,区域特定的公共卫生战略是必不可少的.
- 北非和南非应专注于非传染性疾病的预防,管理和早期检测.
- 西非和中非需要持续的传染病控制,同时应对日益增长的非传染性疾病负担.
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