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美国儿科急性中耳炎的共享决策:一个随机的急诊室试验
Jana L Anderson1, Lucas Oliveira J E Silva2, Erik P Hess3
1Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Anderson.Jana@mayo.edu.
BMC emergency medicine
|August 3, 2025
概括
耳痛决策辅助器 (EPDA) 改善了家长对儿童急性中耳炎 (AOM) 的知识和参与. 虽然这项研究并没有减少抗生素的使用,但它显示了在紧急护理中共享决策的希望.
科学领域:
- 儿科急救医学 儿科急救医学
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 临床决策支持 临床决策支持
背景情况:
- 共享决策 (SDM) 在紧急部门 (ED) 面临障碍,包括时间限制和复杂性.
- 在急性中耳炎 (AOM) 中,家长对抗生素的期望往往与指导方针相冲突,导致ED中处方率高 (高达96%).
- 该研究解决了提高家长对AOM管理的理解和参与的必要性.
研究的目的:
- 测量基于网络的决策辅助对家长知识,参与和对ED中儿科AOM抗生素使用的影响.
- 评估在AOM的紧急护理环境中实施SDM工具的可行性.
主要方法:
- 一项随机试验将基于网络的SDM决策辅助器 (earpaindecisionaid.org) 与儿童 (≥6个月) 的父母的通常护理 (UC) 进行了比较.
- 结果包括家长的知识,临床医生/家长的参与,相互作用时间和抗生素处方率.
- 101名家长被录取;42名在EPDA手臂,59名在UC手臂.
主要成果:
- 使用EPDA的家长在知识 (平均差异1.0,p=0.004) 和决策参与 (平均差异6.0,p=0.005) 中的得分明显更高.
- 在相互作用时间 (p=0.059) 中没有发现显著差异.
- 立即的抗生素处方在各组之间是相似的 (EPDA 36% vs. UC 42%,p=0.50),等待和观察处方的使用 (EPDA 64% vs. UC 68%,p=0.50).
结论:
- 与EPDA合作的SDM有效地提高了家长对儿科AOM的知识和参与度,而不会增加ED访问时间.
- 该研究没有发现抗生素处方的显著减少,可能是由于样本规模有限 (II型错误的风险).
- 研究结果支持将SDM工具纳入紧急护理,建议进行更大规模的研究,以确认抗生素管理的有效性.
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