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单原子酶:从进化见解,精密工程到生物医学应用中的突破

Ye Xu¹, Chuhuang Dong¹, Xueliang Liu¹

¹Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|August 4, 2025

概括

单原子酶 (SAE) 将催化剂效率与酶功能合并为先进的生物医学. 本综述探讨了SAE在生物传感,治疗和氧化应激中的应用,并提出了未来多功能平台的设计原则.

科学领域:

生物医学工程生物医学工程
催化剂是一种催化剂.
纳米技术纳米技术

背景情况:

单原子酶 (SAE) 将单原子催化剂的效率与酶功能相结合.
SAE包括天然酶,模仿酶 (例如DNAzymes) 和单原子纳米酶,利用分离的金属原子作为催化中心.
虽然天然酶提供精确的生物催化,模仿酶提供稳定性,但纳米酶扩展了超出生物界限的催化能力,尽管具有潜在的免疫性.

研究的目的:

在关键的生物医学领域系统地审查单原子酶应用的尖端进展.
批判性地分析SAE发展当前的挑战和新出现的机会.
为下一代具有增强多功能性的SAE提出合理设计原则.

主要方法:

关于单原子酶研究的综合文献综述.
系统地检查SAE在生物传感,瘤治疗,抗微生物策略和氧化应激管理中的应用.
对设计策略,翻译潜力和未来方向的批判性分析.

主要成果:

在生物传感,瘤疗法,抗微生物策略和氧化应激管理方面,SAE显示出显著的潜力.
不同类型的SAE (天然,模仿,纳米酶) 在催化功能,稳定性和生物相容性方面具有明显的优点和缺点.
当前的挑战包括优化生物相容性和克服免疫性,而机遇在于通过合理设计增强多功能性.

结论:

单原子酶代表了现代生物医学中精密催化剂的转化平台.
对理性设计原则的进一步研究对于开发先进的多功能SAE至关重要.
高级企业有望加速创新生物医学应用的发展.

关键词:

演化演化演化演化演化演化模仿酶可以模仿酶.单原子酶是一种单原子酶.一个原子的纳米酶.多功能性多功能性

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