压力因素的典型变化经验与海马体结构和童年功能连接之间的关联
Morgan Botdorf1,2, Zehua Cui1, Tracy Riggins1
1Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.
概括
即使是典型的童年压力也会影响大脑发育. 压力事件会影响幼儿的海马体生长和体积,突出显示年龄特异性对大脑结构和功能的影响.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 儿童精神病学 儿童精神病学
背景情况:
- 儿童时期的压力,包括虐待和虐待,通过下丘脑-垂体-上腺 (HPA) 轴对大脑发育产生负面影响.
- 有限的证据表明,中等程度的童年压力与类似的大脑变化有关.
- 海马对记忆和情绪调节至关重要,特别容易受到压力影响.
研究的目的:
- 研究典型的压力生活事件对幼儿海马体发育的影响.
- 检查压力和海马体子场体积和功能连接之间的关联.
- 为了确定这些影响是否根据年龄不同.
主要方法:
- 使用了4岁和6岁儿童的3年加速纵向样本 (N=90用于体积,N=83用于连接性).
- 评估了生活中的压力事件及其与海马子场体积 (例如,CA1, subiculum,CA2-4/DG) 和功能连接的关系.
- 采用统计分析来比较不同年龄组的影响.
主要成果:
- 在4岁的孩子中,压力与CA1和脑膜体积的增长放缓有关.
- 在6岁的儿童中,压力与较小的CA2-4/DG体积和更快的垂体体积下降有关.
- 压力对海马体功能连接有很小的影响,在多次比较后,这种影响没有持续.
- 在年轻和年长的队列之间观察到压力对海马发育的影响有显著差异.
结论:
- 儿童时期压力的典型变化与海马发育的显著变化有关.
- 压力对海马的影响是特定于地区和年龄的.
- 了解这些与压力相关的大脑变化至关重要,因为它们与认知功能和心理健康风险有关.
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