中国的结直肠癌负担和饮食风险因素:时间分析 (1990-2021)
Qin Sun1,2, Dengjun Bi1,2, Yueshan Pang3
1Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.
Frontiers in nutrition
|August 4, 2025
概括
中国的结肠直肠癌 (CRC) 负担正在上升,自1990年以来病例和死亡人数大幅增加,主要是由于饮食变化. 公共卫生战略必须促进牛奶和全谷物,同时减少加工肉类,以有效预防CRC.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 营养科学 营养科学
背景情况:
- 结肠直肠癌 (CRC) 在中国是一个重大的公共卫生挑战.
- 饮食因素被确定为可修改的CRC风险因素.
- 之前使用最近的全球疾病负担 (GBD) 数据对中国CRC趋势和饮食相关风险的分析是不完整的.
研究的目的:
- 从1990年到2021年,系统地评估中国CRC的疾病负担.
- 分析导致CRC的饮食相关风险因素的时间趋势.
- 为中国CRC的精确预防策略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 使用的全球疾病负担 (GBD) 2021年数据.
- 分析了CRC发病率,患病率,死亡率和经残疾调整的寿命年 (DALYs),按年龄和性别划分.
- 使用结点回归和估计年度百分比变化 (EAPC) 评估时间趋势.
- 计算的年龄标准化率 (ASRs) 用于跨人口比较.
主要成果:
- 从1990年到2021年,中国的CRC病例和死亡人数显著增加,男性的增加更大.
- 发病率在15-49岁年龄组增长最快,而75岁以上的人群的发病率最高.
- 低牛奶和低全谷物摄入量是2021年CRC死亡的主要原因.
- 与加工肉类摄入相关的死亡人数大幅增加,特别是在年轻人中.
- 与低饮食相关的死亡人数显著下降.
结论:
- 中国的CRC负担正在升级,由日益严重的性别差异和影响年轻和老年人口的趋势所标志.
- 饮食变化是这些日益增长的CRC趋势的主要驱动因素.
- 迫切需要采取公共卫生干预措施,重点是增加牛奶和全谷物消费,减少加工肉类的摄入量.
- 针对不同的人口群体量身定制的预防策略是必不可少的.
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