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Updated: Sep 12, 2025

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全民免费学校用餐政策和参与美国国家学校用餐计划
Francesco Ramponi1, Hui Zhou1, Wendi Gosliner2
1Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
JAMA pediatrics
|August 4, 2025
概括
全民免费学校午餐 (UFSM) 政策在COVID-19大流行期间显著增加了参与国家学校午餐计划和学校早餐计划的参与. 然而,政策的不落实导致参与率下降,凸显了持续支持的必要性.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 营养政策 营养政策
- 儿童福利 儿童福利
背景情况:
- 学校用餐对于儿童的健康和教育至关重要,但在美国,获取是收入有限的.
- 社区资格条款 (CEP) 允许高贫困地区的学校提供免费餐,但参与率低于最佳水平.
- 在COVID-19期间的临时全民免费学校午餐 (UFSM) 政策和国家一级的倡议需要对其对学校午餐计划参与的影响进行评估.
研究的目的:
- 评估联邦和州UFSM政策对国家学校午餐计划 (NSLP) 和学校早餐计划 (SBP) 参与率的影响.
- 分析与政策变化有关的COVID-19大流行期间和之后的参与趋势.
- 为了比较不同免费学校用餐政策的有效性.
主要方法:
- 使用差异差异分析与线性混合效应模型进行自然实验设计.
- 从2019-2020年到2023-2024年,对14个拥有UFSM或相关政策的州和11个比较州的学校级餐费索赔数据的分析.
- 包括参与NSLP和SBP的学校.
主要成果:
- 联邦UFSM政策使NSLP和SBP的参与分别增加了10和8个百分点.
- 政策的不实施使参与率下降了12个 (NSLP) 和10个 (SBP) 的百分点.
- 与停止实施这些政策的国家相比,维持UFSM政策的州的持续参与率更高 (NSLP为9-19%,SBP为5-26%). 此外,CEP参与率也显著增加了 (23%的NSLP,13%的SBP).
结论:
- 全国学校餐饮管理政策有效地提高了学校餐饮参与率.
- 持续的联邦和州对UFSM政策的支持对于最大化参与至关重要.
- 增加参与率可能有助于缓解儿童之间的饮食相关差异和粮食不安全.
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