儿童枪支和非枪支伤害的紧急创伤麻醉护理和结果:来自美国地区一级创伤中心的9年经验
Meera Gangadharan1, Andrew M Walters2, Pudkrong Aichholz2
1From the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas.
Anesthesia and analgesia
|August 4, 2025
概括
儿童枪支伤害需要密集的麻醉护理,与非枪支伤害相比,治疗强度更高,住院时间更长. 尽管死亡率较高,但枪支伤害生存率更好,突出了OR准备的必要性.
科学领域:
- 儿童创伤外科手术
- 麻醉学 麻醉学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 枪支伤害是美国儿童死亡的主要原因.
- 有限的数据存在于麻醉管理和儿童枪支伤害的结果.
- 这项研究比较了关于临床因素,麻醉和生存的儿童枪支和非枪支伤害.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较临床特征,麻醉管理和儿科患者的术后结果,枪支伤害与非枪支伤害相比.
- 根据受伤类型和年龄,分析麻醉治疗强度和患者生存率的差异.
主要方法:
- 在一级创伤中心 (2014-2022) 的儿科创伤患者 (<18岁) 的回顾性队列研究.
- 在抵达后2小时内对麻醉治疗的分析,包括治疗强度 (例如,静脉注射,输血,血管压缩剂).
- 枪支和非枪支伤害组之间的结果 (停留时间,死亡率,处置) 的比较,按年龄分层.
主要成果:
- 儿童枪支伤害住院人数增加了三倍;25.9%的创伤患者接受了枪支伤害紧急麻醉.
- 枪支伤害患者年龄较大,伤害更严重 (ISS 16-25),腹部伤害和TBI (尤其是年幼儿童) 的比率更高.
- 枪支伤害的麻醉需要更短的时间,更多的动脉通道,更大的血液损失,大量输血和特定药物的使用 (埃托米达特,米达佐拉姆,特兰克萨姆酸);ICU和住院时间更长. 枪支伤害的死亡率为6%,非枪支伤害的死亡率为10%.
结论:
- 儿童枪支伤害需要高的手术治疗强度,超过非枪支伤害的治疗强度.
- 虽然手术后的枪支伤害死亡率很高,但低于非枪支伤害的死亡率.
- 儿童枪支伤害的麻醉护理和结果因年龄而异,强调需要OR团队的准备和及时,高强度的麻醉干预来提高生存率.
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