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肥胖儿童和青少年的结构性和功能性大脑变化

Sixiu Zhao^1,2,3, Lorenzo Semeia^1,2,3, Ralf Veit^1,2,3

¹Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity

|August 4, 2025

概括

儿童肥胖影响大脑发育,改变像海马体和前额叶皮层这样的关键区域. 干预措施有望改善受影响儿童和青少年的大脑结构和功能.

科学领域:

神经科学是一个神经科学.
发展心理学发展心理学
儿科健康儿科健康

背景情况:

在过去的30年里,儿童肥胖率在全球范围内急剧上升.
儿童肥胖与不良健康结果有关,包括神经发育问题.
了解大脑在儿童肥胖中的作用对于有效的干预至关重要.

研究的目的:

对儿童肥胖症中大脑的磁共振成像 (MRI) 研究进行审查.
检查儿童肥胖症中影响大脑的父母影响和干预措施.
综合关于肥胖如何影响儿童和青少年发育过程中的大脑结构和功能的研究结果.

主要方法:

2011年1月至2024年3月期间发表的MRI研究的综合文献搜索.
包括专注于儿科人口和脑成像的研究.
分析与大脑结构,功能,父母因素和干预措施相关的发现.

主要成果:

儿童肥胖症中大脑结构和功能的改变取决于发育阶段.
边缘区域 (海马体,杏仁体,状体) 和前额皮质受到较高的体重指数的显著影响.
患有肥胖或妊娠糖尿病的母亲的孩子表现出独立于他们自己的体重状况的大脑变化.
增加奖励通路的激活和减少激活体内受体区域,观察到对可口食品的反应.
干预措施 (行为,运动,减肥) 对大脑完整性和功能产生了积极的影响.

结论:

儿童肥胖症显著改变大脑发育,特别是影响奖励和感官处理区域.
怀孕期间母亲的健康状况 (肥胖,妊娠期糖尿病) 无论孩子的体重如何,都会影响后代的大脑发育.
针对儿童肥胖的干预措施显示出逆转负面大脑变化和改善神经发育结果的潜力.

关键词:

青少年青少年青少年大脑大脑大脑的大脑大脑孩子们的孩子们的孩子们的孩子们.磁共振成像技术的使用肥胖肥胖肥胖肥胖肥胖肥胖肥胖肥胖

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