通过可解释的人工智能和肠道微生物组分析进行个性化结直肠癌风险评估
Pierfrancesco Novielli1,2, Simone Baldi3, Donato Romano1,2
1Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
Gut microbes
|August 5, 2025
概括
机器学习和可解释的AI确定了肠道微生物组生物标志物用于结直肠癌 (CRC) 检测. 像Fusobacterium这样的特定细菌表明风险更高,而Eubacterium eligens则表明风险更低,有助于早期诊断.
科学领域:
- 微生物组研究的研究.
- 在瘤学中使用人工智能
- 肠道微生物组和癌症的关系
背景情况:
- 结肠直肠癌 (CRC) 从腺瘤向癌症的进展已知,但分子驱动因素尚不清楚.
- 肠道微生物组 (GM) 越来越被认为是结直肠癌发生的一个因素.
- 微生物分析提供了非侵入性CRC风险分层和早期检测的潜力.
研究的目的:
- 通过机器学习 (ML) 和可解释AI (XAI) 来识别肠道微生物组衍生的结直肠癌 (CRC) 和腺瘤性病变的生物标志物.
- 提高ML模型在微生物组分析中用于CRC预测的可解释性.
- 揭示结直肠瘤发生中的微生物相互作用和生态动态.
主要方法:
- 在453名患者的16S rRNA测序数据上训练有素的ML分类器.
- 综合式可解释的人工智能 (XAI) 技术用于生物标志物识别和模型解释.
- 在一个独立的意大利队列 (n=43) 上进行了外部验证.
主要成果:
- 取得了良好的预测性能 (AU-ROC 0.71,AU-PRC 0.67在内部;AU-ROC 0.70,AU-PRC 0.89在外部).
- 确定了特定的微生物特征:与CRC风险增加相关的Fusobacterium和Peptostreptococcus,Eubacterium eligens作为负面预测因素.
- XAI揭示了腺瘤亚组中的过渡性微生物群状态,并揭示了微生物中心和物种间的依赖关系.
结论:
- 在CRC预测中,XAI增强了对微生物群相互作用和模型可解释性的理解.
- 人工智能驱动的微生物组分析显示了开发可解释,非侵入性工具的潜力,用于CRC风险预测和管理.
- 这一框架支持了基于生物学的假设,并推进了精确瘤学.
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