与黑白认知差异相关的职业地位和复杂性
Monica E Walters1, Jordan D Palms1, Brooke A Huizenga2
1Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
概括
职业地位,而不是复杂性,部分解释了认知衰老中的种族差距,主要是通过社会经济因素. 解决劳动力不平等问题的政策可以减少痴呆风险差异.
科学领域:
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 社会流行病学 社会流行病学
- 认知衰老研究 认知衰老研究
背景情况:
- 健康的社会决定因素,如职业,在种族痴呆症差异中没有得到充分研究.
- 职业地位 (OP) 和职业复杂性 (OC) 可能在认知健康差异中起作用.
- 现有的研究往往忽视了职业对认知差异的影响.
研究的目的:
- 调查职业地位 (OP) 或职业复杂性 (OC) 是否调解老年人认知功能中的种族差异.
- 探索职业特征可能影响认知健康的社会经济途径.
- 确定减少痴呆风险不平等的潜在政策目标.
主要方法:
- 来自密歇根认知衰老项目 (MCAP) 的数据分析,包括536名黑人和白人老年人.
- 使用美国人口普查类别和基于心理,社会和身体需求的职业复杂性的职业地位评估.
- 应用顺序调解分析来检查OP,OC,收入和财富在认知差异中的作用.
主要成果:
- 黑人参与者表现出较低的职业地位,这与较差的情节性记忆和全球认知有关,介于4%至7%的差异.
- 职业复杂性并没有显著调解种族认知差异.
- 认知差异与职业地位,教育和收入的不平等有关,特别是在目前没有工作的人群中.
结论:
- 职业对认知差异的影响似乎主要通过社会经济途径运作,而不是认知刺激.
- 解决劳动力不平等和社会经济因素对于减轻痴呆风险的种族差异至关重要.
- 调查结果强调了在理解认知衰老和痴呆症时考虑生命周期社会经济因素的重要性.
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