使用机器学习和高通量实验评估设计交叉反应抗原
Chelsy Chesterman1, Thomas Desautels2, Luz-Jeannette Sierra1
1GSK, Rockville, MD, United States.
Frontiers in bioinformatics
|August 5, 2025
概括
机器学习加速了疫苗抗原设计,通过创建新的因子H结合蛋白 (fHbp) 突变物. 这种方法设计了交叉保护性表征,为下一代广泛保护性疫苗铺平了道路.
科学领域:
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 计算生物学 计算生物学
- 蛋白质工程是指蛋白质工程.
背景情况:
- 艾滋病毒和流感等病原体中的抗原序列变异性使疫苗设计复杂化.
- 开发具有广泛保护的疫苗需要引起对多种变异的反应的抗原.
- 来自*Neisseria meningitidis*的H因子结合蛋白 (fHbp) 由于广泛的突变可能性,提出了设计挑战.
研究的目的:
- 应用机器学习来设计改进的疫苗抗原,特别针对fHbp.
- 克服抗原性数据的局限性,用于训练机器学习模型.
- 为了设计fHbp突变,转移特定的表位体,同时保持广泛的反应性.
主要方法:
- 利用计算模型来预测fHbp的属性.
- 采用高斯过程 (GP) 机器学习来选择有希望和有信息的fHbp突变.
- 实验评估选择的突变,以代地完善机器学习模型.
- 对顶级突变物进行了生物物理和X射线晶体学表征.
主要成果:
- 成功设计的fHbp突变能够从一种fHbp变体转移形态表位体到另一个.
- 保持与交叉反应表位体的结合,同时引入新的特异性.
- 通过生物物理和晶体学分析确认了工程fHbp突变的结构完整性.
结论:
- 一个集成的计算和实验策略可以加速抗原设计.
- 这种代平台有可能开发下一代广泛保护性疫苗.
- 使用机器学习的Epitope工程是一种可行的方法来提高疫苗的疗效.
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