零和和正和世界观的演变
Sergey Gavrilets1,2,3, Paul Seabright3,4
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996.
概括
文化世界观,无论是零和还是正和,都塑造了社会互动. 社会影响力和权威可以延续不准确的信念,导致文化进化不匹配,即使在不理想的情况下.
科学领域:
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 文化演变的文化演变.
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
背景情况:
- 社会表现出不同程度的零和 (一个人的收益是另一个人的损失) 与正和 (互惠) 世界观.
- 这些世界观影响个人对工作,投资,合作和社会政策接受的决定.
研究的目的:
- 模拟零和和正和世界观在不同环境条件下如何在人口中相互作用.
- 调查社会影响机制 (包括分类匹配,同行一致性和文化权威) 对世界观传播的影响.
- 识别导致文化进化不匹配的条件,即信仰与环境不一致的情况.
主要方法:
- 在异质群体中基于代理物的二相互作用建模.
- 模拟合作和竞争状态之间的随机环境转移.
- 分析社会影响力动态:分类匹配,同行一致性和权威驱动的信念改变.
主要成果:
- 在没有社会影响的情况下,更准确的世界观 (与环境一致) 占主导地位.
- 选择性匹配可以有利于正和世界观,即使不太可能.
- 同行一致性和权威干预可以导致不准确的世界观和文化进化不匹配的持久性,特别是当权威推动低于最佳的信念时.
结论:
- 社会影响机制显著影响零和与正和世界观的持续和传播.
- 文化进化不匹配是一个合理的结果,由符合性和权威驱动,特别是在社会压力强的环境中.
- 了解这些动态对于解决社会两极分化和促进适应性文化变革至关重要.
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