相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Speciation and Bioavailability Measurements of Environmental Plutonium Using Diffusion in Thin Films

Speciation and Bioavailability Measurements of Environmental Plutonium Using Diffusion in Thin Films

Published on: November 9, 2015

化石中的同位素的来源,水平和迁移行为:一篇综述

Mayu Liu¹, Liguo Cao¹, Yijia Gao¹

¹School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China; Shaanxi Observation and Research Station for Ecology and Environment of Desert-Loess Zone at Yulin, Xi'an 710119, China.

Journal of hazardous materials

|August 5, 2025

概括

冰川上的冷石捕获了放射性污染物 (Pu). 融化冰川可能会释放出这种,给环境带来风险. 本综述分析了全球冷矿数据,以了解的含量,来源和行为.

科学领域:

环境科学环境科学
放射化学放射化学是指辐射化学.
冰川学的冰川学

背景情况:

冰川表面的黑色沉积物冷岩积累了放射性污染物 (Pu).
全球气温上升和冰川融化增加了Pu从冷矿重新调动的风险.
了解冷岩中的同位素对于评估在不断变化的冷层中的环境风险至关重要.

研究的目的:

编制和分析全球关于同位素在冷石样本中的数据.
为了调查Pu在冷石中的水平,来源,积累和迁移行为.
确定影响冰川环境中Pu度和分布的因素.

主要方法:

汇编了来自全球221个冷矿样本的数据.
对239+240Pu活性度的203个样本进行分析.
分析了161个样本的240Pu/239Pu原子比,以确定Pu来源.

主要成果:

240Pu/239Pu原子比表明全球降落和武器级来源,与阿尔卑斯山冰川 (15.1%) 相比,北极冰川 (21.7%) 的武器级Pu贡献更高.
239+240Pu活动度在冷矿中 (平均26.05 Bq/kg) 比在土壤,湖泊沉积物和中显著更高 (2-3 个数量级),证实了冷矿是Pu沉积物.
积累与冷矿的有机物含量 (r2=0.72) 和降水量 (r2=0.58) 有着强烈的相关性.

结论:

岩石有效地封存了同位素,但冰川融化带来了污染物再动员的风险.
物理化学性质 (有机物) 和环境因素 (降水,海拔) 显著影响了的积累.
需要进一步的研究来追踪冷层中的Pu迁移,并填补关于冷岩中的Pu同位素的知识空白.

关键词:

积累因子是一个积累因子.化矿是一种化矿.冰川冰川是一个冰川.同位素是的同位素之一.源标识来源的标识.

更多相关视频

Activating Molecules, Ions, and Solid Particles with Acoustic Cavitation

Activating Molecules, Ions, and Solid Particles with Acoustic Cavitation

Published on: April 11, 2014

In Situ Detection and Single Cell Quantification of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Nuclear Microprobe Analysis

In Situ Detection and Single Cell Quantification of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Nuclear Microprobe Analysis

Published on: February 3, 2018

相关概念视频

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...

Nuclear Fission

Nuclear Fission

Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large...